Changes in Depression and Esthetic Perception After Orthognathic Surgery

NCT07702448 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: Decision No: 2026.06.35
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 18
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to evaluate changes in depressive symptoms and subjective esthetic perception before and after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with different types of malocclusion. The study will analyze anonymized clinical data and questionnaire responses to assess the impact of orthognathic surgery on psychological well-being and esthetic perception.

Conditions

Dentofacial Deformities; Malocclusions; Orthognathic Surgery

Keywords

Orthognathic Surgery; Bimaxillary Surgery; Dentofacial Deformity; Quality of Life; Psychological Outcomes; Beck Depression Inventory-II; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Change in Depressive Symptoms

  Change in depressive symptom scores measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) between the preoperative assessment (1 week before surgery) and the postoperative assessment (6 months after surgery). BDI-II is a 21-item self-report instrument used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 63. Higher total scores indicate greater severity of self-reported depressive symptoms. BDI-II total scores are interpreted as follows: 0-13 indicates minimal, 14-19 mild, 20-28 moderate, and 29-63 severe levels of depressive symptoms.

  1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery

• Change in Quality of Life

  Change in quality of life measured using the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) between the preoperative assessment (1 week before surgery) and the postoperative assessment (6 months after surgery). OQLQ is a 22-item self-report instrument developed to assess the impact of dentofacial deformities on patients' quality of life. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4, where a score of 0 indicates that the relevant condition does not bother the patient, while higher scores reflect increasing levels of concern. The item scores are summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 88. Higher total scores indicate a greater negative impact of dentofacial deformity on quality of life and, consequently, poorer quality of life, whereas lower scores indicate better quality of life.

  1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery

• Change in Self-Esteem

  Change in self-esteem scores measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) between the preoperative assessment (1 week before surgery) and the postoperative assessment (6 months after surgery). RSES is a 10-item self-report instrument developed to assess individuals' global self-esteem and overall sense of self-worth. The scale consists of five positively worded and five negatively worded items, with responses rated on a four-point scale. In the Turkish version adapted by Çuhadaroğlu, responses are evaluated using a Guttman-based scoring system, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 6. Higher total scores indicate lower levels of self-esteem, whereas lower scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem. Total scores are interpreted as follows: 0-1 indicates high, 2-4 moderate, and 5-6 low levels of self-esteem.

  1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery

Study Arms (3)

Skeletal Class I Malocclusion

Participants with skeletal Class I malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Changes in depressive symptoms, self-esteem, esthetic perception, and orthognathic quality of life will be evaluated before and after surgery.

Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

Participants with skeletal Class II malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Changes in depressive symptoms, self-esteem, esthetic perception, and orthognathic quality of life will be evaluated before and after surgery.

Skeletal Class III Malocclusion

Participants with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Changes in depressive symptoms, self-esteem, esthetic perception, and orthognathic quality of life will be evaluated before and after surgery.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of adult patients aged 18-40 years with different types of malocclusion who are scheduled to undergo bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University. Eligible participants will be evaluated 1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery using validated patient-reported outcome measures assessing depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and orthognathic quality of life.

You may qualify if:

• Adults aged 18 to 40 years.
• Individuals without systemic diseases.
• Patients with an indication for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.
• Patients who complete the study questionnaires 1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery.
• Individuals who use at least one of the following social media platforms: Instagram, WhatsApp, Snapchat, X, TikTok, or Telegram.
• Individuals who provide written informed consent to participate in the study.
• Patients scheduled to undergo treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University.

You may not qualify if:

• Patients without an indication for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery or those undergoing single-jaw surgery only.
• Individuals with systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or thyroid disorders).
• Patients with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder.
• Patients with a history of previous orthognathic surgery.
• Patients scheduled to undergo additional esthetic procedures (e.g., genioplasty, botulinum toxin injection, or dermal filler treatment).
• Individuals who decline to participate or do not provide written informed consent.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kırıkkale University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Kırıkkale University Faculty of Dentistry

Kirikkale, Kırıkkale, 71450, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dentofacial Deformities; Malocclusion

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Maxillofacial Abnormalities; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Stomatognathic System Abnormalities; Stomatognathic Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Tooth Diseases

Study Officials

• Elif Çoban, DDS

  Kırıkkale University Faculty of Dentistry

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Elif Assistant Professor, DDS

CONTACT

+90 318 224 4927; elifcoban@kku.edu.tr

Murat Rıfat Research Asistant, DDS

CONTACT

+90 318 2244927; muratyalinkilic5@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 9, 2026
• First Posted: July 14, 2026
• Study Start: June 20, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 20, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 20, 2027
• Last Updated: July 16, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)