Effect of AI-Assisted Respiratory Training on Pain, Fatigue and Respiratory Parameters in Patients After Open Heart Surgery

NCT07665593 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: 2026/02/33
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 111
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted respiratory training on fatigue, pain, and respiratory parameters in patients after open heart surgery.

Conditions

Nursing Care; Pain; Breathing Exercises; Fatigue Recovery

Keywords

pain; nursing care; fatigue; breathing exercises; open heart surgery

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Change in Respiratory Rate

  Measured continuously as breaths per minute while the patient is at rest.

  Evaluated at baseline (before intervention), and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Change in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

  Measured as a percentage (%) using a noninvasive pulse oximeter

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Change in Heart Rate

  Measured as beats per minute at rest using a noninvasive patient monitor.

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Pain Level

  Evaluated using the self-reported Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no pain and "10" indicates unbearable pain. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Fatigue Level

  Evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no fatigue and "10" indicates unbearable fatigue. Higher scores represent increased fatigue.

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Dyspnea Level

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Chest Tube Drainage Level

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session).

• Presence of Chest Tube Tidaling

  Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session)

Study Arms (3)

Rhythmic Breathing Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients will watch an AI-generated video via tablet and simultaneously perform a 3x3x3 rhythmic breathing exercise, which consists of inhaling for 3 seconds, holding the breath for 3 seconds, and exhaling for 3 seconds. The exercise will be repeated 5 times per session, once a day, for 3 days.

Other: Rhythmic Breathing Group

Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DN) Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients will watch an AI-generated video via tablet and simultaneously perform upper extremity Range of Motion (ROM) exercises combined with deep breathing. The exercise consists of 5 sets of controlled inspiration and expiration synchronized with arm abduction and adduction. This will be applied once a day for 3 days.

Other: Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DN) Group

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Patients in this group will not receive the study-specific video exercises. They will be monitored under the clinic's standard routine care protocol, which includes standard breathing exercises and the use of an incentive spirometer (triflo).

Interventions

Rhythmic Breathing Group OTHER

Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. Following the visual and auditory instructions in the video, they will perform a rhythmic breathing exercise consisting of inhaling for 3 seconds, holding the breath for 3 seconds, and exhaling for 3 seconds. The exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.

Rhythmic Breathing Group

Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DN) Group OTHER

Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. They will perform upper extremity range of motion (abduction and adduction) exercises synchronized with deep inspiration and expiration. This exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.

Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DN) Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Patients undergoing elective open heart surgery.
• Conscious.
• Speaks and understands Turkish.
• Has a chest tube inserted (on the right and/or left side).
• No visual, auditory, or mental problems.
• Willing to participate in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Undergoing concurrent other chest surgery or having a history of re-surgery.
• Development of early postoperative complications (e.g., atelectasis) within 0-3 days.
• Any loss of an extremity.
• Long-term immobilization and intubation.
• Development of severe post-surgery infections (such as mediastinitis or sepsis) or respiratory complications (such as pneumonia or atelectasis).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kocaeli University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Kocaeli University

Kocaeli, İzmit, 41380, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain; Fatigue

Interventions

Population Groups

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Demography; Population Characteristics

Study Officials

• Yaren Yurdakul, BSC

  Kocaeli University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Yasemin Özhanlı, PHD

  Kocaeli University

  STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Yaren Yurdakul, BSC

CONTACT

+090 553 495 85 21; yarenyurdakl@gmail.com

Yasemin Özhanlı, PHD

CONTACT

(0262) 303 47 01; yaseminozhanli@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Nurse

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 13, 2026
• First Posted: June 24, 2026
• Study Start: February 10, 2026
• Primary Completion: August 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2026
• Last Updated: June 24, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)