Effects of Multi-component Exercise on Physical Performance and Sleep Quality in Older Adults

NCT07598123 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: CS1-24033
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 80
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of an 8-week multi-component group exercise program on physical performance and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Participants were recruited from four community care sites in central Taiwan. The intervention group participated in a structured exercise program consisting of aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility training conducted at a university-affiliated senior fitness club, while the control group maintained their usual community activities. Primary outcomes included physical performance and sleep quality. Physical performance was assessed using gait speed, chair stand, arm curl, grip strength, balance, and walking tests. Sleep quality was measured using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Heart rate recovery was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

Conditions

Aging; Sleep Quality; Physical Performance

Keywords

older adults; exercise; sleep quality; physical performance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (8)

• the 4-meter Gait Speed Test

  4-meter Gait Speed Test

  Baseline and week 8

• Chair Stand Test

  The Chair Stand Test assesses lower-body muscle strength by measuring the time required for participants to complete five chair stands consecutively with arms crossed over the chest.

  Baseline and week 8

• 30-second Arm Curl Test

  The 30-second Arm Curl Test assesses upper-body muscle endurance by counting the number of arm curls completed within 30 seconds using a dumbbell weighing 2.27 kg for women and 3.63 kg for men.

  baseline and week 8

• Grip Strength Test

  The Grip Strength Test assesses hand muscle strength using a hand dynamometer. Participants perform maximal grip force with the dominant hand, and the measured force is recorded in kilograms.

  baseline and week 8

• Side-by-Side Stand Test

  The Side-by-Side Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the participant's ability to maintain a side-by-side standing position without assistance.

  baseline and week 8

• Tandem Stand Test

  The Tandem Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the length of time participants can maintain a heel-to-toe standing position, up to a maximum of 10 seconds.

  baseline and week 8

• 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test

  The 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test assesses mobility and dynamic balance by recording the time required for participants to stand up from a seated position, walk 2.44 meters around a cone, and return to the chair.

  baseline and week 8

• Sleep Quality

  Assessment of sleep quality using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI)

  Baseline and week 8

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Heart Rate Recovery

  baseline and weekly from Week 1 to Week 8

Study Arms (2)

an 8-week multi-component group exercise program

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants attended weekly 100-minute supervised exercise sessions including warm-up stretching, aerobic exercise using treadmills and stationary bicycles, whole-body vibration training, resistance exercise using hydraulic isokinetic equipment, and cool-down activities. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and perceived exertion.

Behavioral: Multi-component Group Exercise Program

Routine community activities

NO INTERVENTION

Control Group: Participants continued their routine community activities without participating in the structured exercise intervention.

Interventions

Multi-component Group Exercise Program BEHAVIORAL

Participants attended weekly 100-minute supervised exercise sessions including warm-up stretching, aerobic exercise using treadmills and stationary bicycles, whole-body vibration training, resistance exercise using hydraulic isokinetic equipment, and cool-down activities. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and perceived exertion.

Also known as: Exercise

an 8-week multi-component group exercise program

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years - 90 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 90 years.
• Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
• Able to participate in exercise activities.
• Provided written informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Contraindications to exercise, including recent myocardial infarction, acute cardiovascular events, acute infection, or renal disease symptoms.
• Use of ambulatory assistive devices.
• Regular physical activity exceeding 150 minutes per week.
• Positive responses indicating elevated exercise risk on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Tunghai University: lead
• Ministry of Education, Taiwan: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Tunghai University

Taichung, 407224, Taiwan

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Motor Activity

Interventions

Exercise

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Yi-Ling Tseng, MSN

  Tunghai University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: Participants from two community care sites were assigned to the intervention group, while participants from two additional community care sites were assigned to the control group. The intervention group participated in an 8-week multi-component exercise program, whereas the control group maintained their usual community activities.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 12, 2026
• First Posted: May 20, 2026
• Study Start: May 29, 2024
• Primary Completion: December 19, 2024
• Study Completion: May 18, 2025
• Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TW (1)