Functional Effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training in Wrestlers

NCT07588477 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2022/10123
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 26
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

ABSTRACT AIM: The term tendinopathy describes multifaceted pathologies occurring in the tendon, characterized by pain, functional impairment, and decreased exercise tolerance. The aim of this study is to use Tendon Neuroplastic Training (TNT) in Wrestlers with shoulder tendinopathy between the ages of 14-25; To investigate its effects on balance, coordination, mental performance and shoulder functionality. METHOD: After determining the sample size of the study with the G Power (Software 3.1.9.2) program, 26 athletes were randomly divided into two groups; the study group received a 4-week TNT training protocol, while the control group received 4 weeks of standard eccentric training. Both groups were given exercises for the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Biceps muscles. The athletes' balance with "Upper Quarter Y Balance", coordination with "Alternate Hand Wall Toss", and mental performance with Stroop Color-Word tests were evaluated. "Kerlan-Jobe" and "Western Ontario Rotator Cuff" scales were used to evaluate shoulder functionality and pain. All assessments were administered before and after exercise training. The data were analyzed statistically with the "IBM SPSS 25" package program. Key Words: Athlete, Mental Test, Shoulder, Tendinopathy

Conditions

Shoulder Tendinopathy

Keywords

Athlete; Mental Test; Tendinopathy; Shoulder

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Cognitive function

  Cognitive function was assessed with the Stroop Test TBAG (Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu) Form. The Stroop Test also referred to as the Color- Word Task, was used to assess executive abilities, selective attention, and the ability to inhibit a habitual response. In sports psychology research, the Stroop test and its derivations are commonly used to investigate the benefits of exercise on cognitive function. Stroop Test TBAG Form consists of five cards. For each section, the time taken by participants during the application was measured using a 0.01-second precision smartphone chronometer. The completion time of reading the card, the number of errors and the number of corrections (if any) for each section were recorded on an evaluation form for each participant. There are no minimum or maximum score values for this test. A lower score means a better result.

  "Baseline" and "week 4"

Study Arms (2)

Tendon Neuroplastic Training Group

EXPERIMENTAL

The Group that Perceived Tendon Neuroplastic Training

Other: Tendon Neuroplastic Training

Control Group

OTHER

The Group that Perceived Standard Eccentric Training

Other: Tendon Neuroplastic Training

Interventions

Tendon Neuroplastic Training OTHER

Tendon Neuroplastic Training can be adapted to isometric and isotonic exercises with a digital metronome program. Tendon Neuroplastic Training has been reported to improve functionality and strength, reduce pain and cortical inhibition in athletes by generating 'adaptation' in central nervous system. Resistance training planned with visual or auditory stimuli (externally paced), can induce changes on motor control. the exercises paced to an external audio/visual cue on the participant's smartphone

Also known as: External Paced Training

Control Group; Tendon Neuroplastic Training Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Being a licensed athlete for at least one year
• Having a diagnosis of tendinopathy based on clinical and radiological examination
• To positive least three of the following diagnostic tests: Neer Test, Hawkins-Kennedy Test, Jobe-Supraspinatus Test, Painful arc at 60-120 degrees of shoulder abduction
• Pain level is below 2 out of 10 at rest and below 3 out of 10 during active movement according to the visual pain scale,
• No limitation in joint range of motion (at least 85% of the healthy side).

You may not qualify if:

• Having any vision or hearing problems
• Previous surgery at last 6 month
• Having diagnose complete tendon rupture

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hacettepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Kayseri Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate

Kayseri, Kayseri, 38100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• 1. Singh A, Sharan L, Shankhapal VR, Shenoy S. From shoulder to ankle: A cross-sectional study of tendinopathy prevalence across the athletic population. J Sport Rehabil Sci. 2026;3(1):1-10. 2. McCausland C, Sawyer E, Eovaldi BJ, Varacallo MA. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder Muscles. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023. 3. Maunder DJ, Nelson BC, Murthi AM, Hoffman RA. The Burden of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Wrestling: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Injury Types, and Competition-Level Comparisons. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2025;0(0). 4. Goodman AD, Twomey-Kozak J, DeFroda SF, Owens BD. Epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestlers, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2018;46 (3):361-366. 5. Noh, Ji-Woong & Park, Byoung-Sun & Kim, Meeyoung & Lee, Lim-Kyu & Yang, Seung-Min & Lee, Won-Deok & Shin, Yong-Sub & Kim, Ju-Hyun & Lee, Jeong-Uk & Kwak, Taek-Yong & Lee, Tae-Hyun & Kim, Ju-Young & Park, Jaehong & Kim, Junghwan. (2015). Analysis of combat sports players' injuries according to playing style for sports physiotherapy research. Journal of physical therapy science. 27. 2425-30 6. Thomas RE, Zamanpour K. Injuries in wrestling: systematic review. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2018;46(2):168-196 7. Millar N, Silbernagel K, Thorborg K et al. Tendinopathy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2021;7(1):1 8. Reinking M. Tendinopathy in athletes. Phys Ther Sport. 2012; 13: 3-10 9. Taik, F. Z., Karkouri, S., Tahiri, L., Aachari, I., Moulay Berkchi, J., Hmamouchi, I., Abouqal, R., Rkain, H., & Allali, F. (2022). Effects of kinesiotaping on disability and pain in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: double-blind randomized clinical trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 23(1), 90 10. Aydeniz B, Ersoy S, Çinicioğlu M, Vural M. Evaluation of Kinesiophobia, Pain and Functional Status in Adhesive Capsulitis and Rotator Cu

  BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tendinopathy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Muscular Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Tendon Injuries; Wounds and Injuries

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Physiotherapist

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 28, 2026
• First Posted: May 14, 2026
• Study Start: March 15, 2024
• Primary Completion: March 8, 2025
• Study Completion: October 22, 2025
• Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)