NCT07555093

Brief Summary

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether a digital health intervention can improve adherence to Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS) among pregnant women in Lombok Island. The study also aims to understand how individual characteristics, socio-economic factors, maternal health status, and antenatal care services influence adherence to MMS. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. 1.Does a digitally supported intervention increase adherence to MMS compared to standard care?
  2. 2.Does the type of MMS packaging (bottle vs. blister) affect adherence?
  3. 3.In the second stage, does adding calcium supplementation affect adherence to MMS?
  4. 4.Standard care with MMS in bottles
  5. 5.Standard care with MMS in blister packs
  6. 6.Digital intervention with MMS in bottles
  7. 7.Digital intervention with MMS in blister packs
  8. 8.Receive MMS through either bottle or blister packaging
  9. 9.Receive either standard care or a digital health intervention (such as reminders or digital support tools)
  10. 10.Attend routine antenatal care services
  11. 11.Be followed throughout pregnancy, delivery, and up to 42 days after childbirth

Trial Health

63
Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
10,012

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable pregnancy

Timeline
13mo left

Started May 2026

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable pregnancy

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
not yet recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress2%
May 2026Jun 2027

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

August 3, 2025

Completed
9 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 29, 2026

Completed
2 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

May 1, 2026

Completed
1 year until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 1, 2027

Expected
1 month until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2027

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

1 year

First QC Date

August 3, 2025

Last Update Submit

April 23, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

MMSPregnancyDigitalizationadherenceAntenatal Care

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • MMS consumption Adherence

    Adherence is defined as the proportion of recommended daily MMS doses consumed over the total number of follow-up days, measured from enrolment until delivery (up to approximately 280 days of gestation). Adherence will be assessed using digital tracking data (QR code scans), self-reports, and/or supplement counts. Data will be collected monthly, and the final adherence value will be calculated as the mean of monthly adherence measurements per participant. Comparisons will be conducted across four study arms: (1) digital care with blister packaging, (2) standard care with bottle packaging, (3) standard care with blister packaging, and (4) digital care with bottle packaging.

    Since enrolment until delivery (up to approximately 280 days of gestation), with monthly assessments

Secondary Outcomes (26)

  • Gestational Age at Birth

    Birth

  • Proportion of Preterm Birth

    Birth

  • Proportion of Very and Extremely Preterm Birth

    Birth

  • Proportion of Post-term Birth

    Birth

  • Proportion of Stillbirth

    Birth

  • +21 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (4)

Digital Care with Blister

EXPERIMENTAL

Participant will get All Standard Care components, MMS provided in blister packaging, daily automated and personalized WhatsApp reminders, WhatsApp, MMS Consumption reminder, Call center, Personalized education via chatbot and consultations, Gamification and alert system, AI monitoring and prediction

Dietary Supplement: Blister packOther: Digital care

Standard Care with Bottle

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participant will receive standard ANC and PNC services, regular health promotion and printed material, MMS provided in bottle packaging, and no digital adherence support is provided.

Dietary Supplement: Bottle packOther: Standard Care

Standard Care with Blister

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participant will receive standard ANC and PNC services, regular health promotion and printed material, MMS provided in blister packaging, no digital adherence support is provided.

Dietary Supplement: Blister packOther: Standard Care

Digital Care with Bottle

EXPERIMENTAL

Participant will get all standard care components, MMS provided in bottle form, daily automated am personalized WhatsApp reminders, WhatsApp MMS consumption reminder, call center, personalized education via chatbot and consultations, gamification and alert system, AI monitoring and prediction

Dietary Supplement: Bottle packOther: Digital care

Interventions

Bottle packDIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Bottle packaging of MMS

Digital Care with BottleStandard Care with Bottle
Blister packDIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Blister packaging of MMS

Digital Care with BlisterStandard Care with Blister

Standard ANC and PNC services, regular health promotion and printed material

Standard Care with BlisterStandard Care with Bottle

In addition to standard care, participants get intervention such as: Daily automated and personalized WhatsApp reminders, Whatsapp MMS consumption reminder, call center, personalized education via chatbot and consultations, gamification and alert system, AI monitoring and prediction

Digital Care with BlisterDigital Care with Bottle

Eligibility Criteria

Age14 Years+
Sexfemale
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Pregnant women up to 32 weeks
  • Pregnant women stay in the site at least during the study period

You may not qualify if:

  • Lost to follow up
  • Moving to another area
  • Death
  • Abortus
  • Stillbirth

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Summit Institute for Development

Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, 83239, Indonesia

Location

Related Publications (33)

  • Battung SM, Groen H, van der Beek EM. Prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in the Parepare district, Indonesia; population characteristics and intake adherence. BMC Public Health. 2025 Mar 12;25(1):983. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22129-0.

    PMID: 40075311BACKGROUND
  • Dwarkanath P, Muhihi A, Sudfeld CR, Wylie BJ, Wang M, Perumal N, Thomas T, Kinyogoli SM, Bakari M, Fernandez R, Raj JM, Swai NO, Buggi N, Shobha R, Sando MM, Duggan CP, Masanja HM, Kurpad AV, Pembe AB, Fawzi WW. Two Randomized Trials of Low-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jan 11;390(2):143-153. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307212.

    PMID: 38197817BACKGROUND
  • Hofmeyr GJ, Betran AP, Singata-Madliki M, Cormick G, Munjanja SP, Fawcus S, Mose S, Hall D, Ciganda A, Seuc AH, Lawrie TA, Bergel E, Roberts JM, von Dadelszen P, Belizan JM; Calcium and Pre-eclampsia Study Group. Prepregnancy and early pregnancy calcium supplementation among women at high risk of pre-eclampsia: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Jan 26;393(10169):330-339. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31818-X.

    PMID: 30696573BACKGROUND
  • Borrelli EP, Saad P, Barnes NE, Dumitru D, Lucaci JD. Improving Adherence and Reducing Health Care Costs Through Blister-Packaging: An Economic Model for a Commercially Insured Health Plan. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2024 Oct 3;16:733-745. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S480890. eCollection 2024.

    PMID: 39376478BACKGROUND
  • Smith ER, Gomes F, Adu-Afarwuah S, Aguayo VM, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA, Caniglia EC, Christian P, Devakumar D, Dewey KG, Fawzi WW, Friis H, Gomo E, Guindo O, Hallamaa L, Isanaka S, Kaestel P, Lachat C, Maleta K, Moore SE, Oakley EM, Osrin D, Rahman A, Rana Z, Rizvi A, Roberfroid D, Shaikh S, Sonko B, Soofi SB, Subarkah I, Sunawang R, Wang D, West KP Jr, Wu LSF, Zagre N, Bourassa MW, Sudfeld CR. Contribution of Maternal Adherence to the Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2025 Jul;16(7):100455. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455. Epub 2025 May 30.

    PMID: 40451462BACKGROUND
  • Berti C, Gaffey MF, Bhutta ZA, Cetin I. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation: Evidence from large-scale prenatal programmes on coverage, compliance and impact. Matern Child Nutr. 2018 Dec;14 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):e12531. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12531. Epub 2017 Dec 22.

    PMID: 29271119BACKGROUND
  • Black J. Field trials of health interventions: a toolbox. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2017;41(4):452.

    BACKGROUND
  • Offorha BC, Walters SJ, Jacques RM. Analysing cluster randomised controlled trials using GLMM, GEE1, GEE2, and QIF: results from four case studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2023 23:1 2023;23:293-. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02107-z.

    BACKGROUND
  • Billot L, Copas A, Leyrat C, Forbes A, Turner EL. How should a cluster randomized trial be analyzed? Journal of Epidemiology and Population Health 2024;72:202196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202196.

    BACKGROUND
  • Kerr J, Rosenberg D, Millstein RA, Bolling K, Crist K, Takemoto M, et al. Cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel physical activity intervention for older adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2018 15:1 2018;15:32-. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0658-4.

    BACKGROUND
  • Toropova A, Björklund C, Bergström G, Elinder LS, Stigmar K, Wåhlin C, et al. Effectiveness of a multifaceted implementation strategy for improving adherence to the guideline for prevention of mental ill-health among school personnel in Sweden: a cluster randomized trial. Implementation Science 2022 17:1 2022;17:23-. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-022-01196-6.

    BACKGROUND
  • Ingersoll KS, Cohen J. The impact of medication regimen factors on adherence to chronic treatment: a review of literature. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9147-y

    BACKGROUND
  • Mishra M, Parida D, Murmu J, Singh D, Rehman T, Kshatri JS, Pati S. Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Monitoring Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 27;11(19):2635. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11192635.

    PMID: 37830672BACKGROUND
  • Mamo TT, Ashenadi E, Bekele T, Gube AA. Adherence to prenatal iron-folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Dilla town, South Ethiopia. 2021;

    BACKGROUND
  • Yismaw AE, Tulu HB, Kassie FY, Araya BM. Iron-folic acid adherence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 18;10:978084. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.978084. eCollection 2022.

    PMID: 36466514BACKGROUND
  • Begum K, Ouedraogo CT, Wessells KR, Young RR, Faye MT, Wuehler SE, Hess SY. Prevalence of and factors associated with antenatal care seeking and adherence to recommended iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Zinder, Niger. Matern Child Nutr. 2018 Feb;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e12466. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12466.

    PMID: 29493896BACKGROUND
  • Desta M, Kassie B, Chanie H, Mulugeta H, Yirga T, Temesgen H, Leshargie CT, Merkeb Y. Adherence of iron and folic acid supplementation and determinants among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2019 Dec 21;16(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12978-019-0848-9.

    PMID: 31864397BACKGROUND
  • Schneider PJ, Murphy JE, Pedersen CA. Impact of medication packaging on adherence and treatment outcomes in older ambulatory patients. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008 Jan-Feb;48(1):58-63. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07040.

    PMID: 18192132BACKGROUND
  • Lavigne JE, Falbo K, Gutierrez PM. Cost-utility analysis of blister packaging all outpatient medications for veterans with bipolar disorder, major affective disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or schizophrenia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research [Internet]. 2019 Nov 3 [cited 2025 Mar 22];10(4):401-6. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12324

    BACKGROUND
  • Byamugisha J, Adero N, Kiwanuka TS, Nalwadda CK, Ntuyo P, Namagembe I, Nabunya E, Nakirijja E, Mwadime-Ngolo R, Mukasa DC, Ononge S. The effect of blister packaging Iron and Folate on adherence to medication and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women at National Referral Hospital antenatal clinics in a low to middle income country: a Randomised Controlled Trial (The IFAd Trial). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Mar 3;22(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04507-3.

    PMID: 35241006BACKGROUND
  • PROTECTION, CHILD SAFETY AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT TECHNOLOGY. [cited 2025 Mar 22]; Available from: https://www.cpsc.gov/Regulations-Laws--Standards/Statutes/

    BACKGROUND
  • WHO. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. 2016.

    BACKGROUND
  • Cuevas AM, Germain AM. BR Diet and Endothelial Function. Biol Res. 2004;37:225-30.

    BACKGROUND
  • dr. Maria Endang Sumiwi, dr. Lovely Daisy M, Mahmud Fauzi M, Rimbawan Ir Ali Khomsan Mk, Ir Dodik Briawan M, dr Endang Achadi ML, et al. Petunjuk Teknis Pemberian MMS Multivitamin Ibu Hamil. 2024. Report.

    BACKGROUND
  • Gonzalez-Casanova I, Nguyen PH, Young MF, Harding KB, Reinhart G, Nguyen H, et al. Predictors of adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Vietnam. BMC Public Health. 2017 May 16;17(1).

    BACKGROUND
  • Priliani L, Prado EL, Restuadi R, Waturangi DE, Shankar AH, Malik SG. Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation stabilizes mitochondrial DNA copy number in pregnant women in Lombok, Indonesia. Journal of Nutrition. 2019 Aug 1;149(8):1309-16.

    BACKGROUND
  • Prado EL, Sebayang SK, Apriatni M, Adawiyah SR, Hidayati N, Islamiyah A, et al. Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and other biomedical and socioenvironmental influences on children's cognition at age 9-12 years in Indonesia: follow-up of the SUMMIT randomised trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Feb 1;5(2):e217-28.

    BACKGROUND
  • SUMMIT Study Group. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant death in Indonesia: a double-blind cluster-randomised trial The Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT) Study Group* [Internet]. 2008. Available from: www.thelancet.com

    BACKGROUND
  • Shao Y, Meng C, Liang YZ. Digital versus non-digital health interventions to improve iron supplementation in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1375622. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1375622

    BACKGROUND
  • Calcium supplementation in pregnant women Guideline: Calcium supplementation in pregnant women. 2013 [cited 2025 Mar 22]; Available from: http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.htm

    BACKGROUND
  • Cochrane Library Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems (Review). 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 29]; Available from: www.cochranelibrary.com

    BACKGROUND
  • Paramashanti BA, Nugraheny E, Suparmi S, Afifah T, Nugraheni WP, Purwatiningsih Y, et al. Social determinants and socioeconomic inequalities in adherence to antenatal iron-folic acid supplementation in urban and rural Indonesia. Rural Remote Health. 2024 Nov 1;24(4):8722.

    BACKGROUND
  • WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity: new guidelines 2021. Vol. 17. 2021;17:79.

    BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Standard of Care

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Quality Indicators, Health CareQuality of Health CareHealth Services AdministrationHealth Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation

Central Study Contacts

Yuni Dwi Setiyawati, MHID

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
OTHER
Intervention Model
FACTORIAL
Model Details: Standard care with MMS in bottles Standard care with MMS in blister packs Digital intervention with MMS in bottles Digital intervention with MMS in blister packs
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Chief Executive Officer

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

August 3, 2025

First Posted

April 29, 2026

Study Start

May 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2027

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Individual Participant Data (IPD) requests must be submitted to the Principal Investigator and/or the lead research organization for further assessment and approval. Any request should clearly outline the purpose of data use, involved collaborators, proposed analysis plan, and intended publications. We would also like to be involved in all stages of the process, including preparation, data analysis, manuscript writing, and publication. Please note that, in principle, patient/client data belong to the respective individuals. Therefore, data sharing requires appropriate informed consent, which has been addressed in the approved study protocol. SID, as the lead research institution, will oversee and manage this process.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
The IPD and supporting information will be available upon reasonable request beginning 6 months after the publication of the primary results and will remain available for up to 3 years, or as long as ethically and legally permissible, in accordance with institutional and national data protection policies.
Access Criteria
Qualified researchers may request access to de-identified individual participant data (IPD) and related documentation. Requests must be submitted in writing to the Principal Investigator and/or lead research organization (SID) and include a detailed research proposal outlining the purpose of the data use, analysis plan, intended collaborators, and publication strategy. Each request will be assessed and approved based on scientific merit, ethical compliance, and data protection considerations. Approved requesters will be required to sign a data use agreement. SID must be involved in all stages of the process, including preparation, analysis, manuscript writing, and publication.

Locations