Validity and Reliability Study of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Scale

NCT07454746 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2023-15/520
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 76
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool Made Easy (CALCULATE) into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability for use in ICU patients. This study sought to answer the following questions: Is the Turkish version of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale a valid instrument for determining the risk of pressure injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)? Is the Turkish version of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale a reliable instrument for determining the risk of pressure injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)?

Conditions

Pressure Injuries; Intensive Care (ICU)

Keywords

pressure injury; intensive care; risk assessment; CALCULATE; validity; reliability; ROC; inter-rater reliability

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Validity of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale

  Validity of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for assessing pressure injury risk in ICU patients, evaluated using daily risk assessments during ICU stay and comparison with the Braden Scale. The Braden Scale used in clinical settings and generates a total score ranging from 6 to 23, with lower scores indicating a higher risk of PI development. According to the CALCULATE for Pressure Injury risk assessment total score, patients with ≥4 risk factors are categorized as "very high risk," whereas those with ≤3 risk factors are classified as "high risk"

  From ICU admission until ICU discharge, with daily risk assessments performed once every 24 hours during ICU stay.

• Reliability of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale

  Reliability of the CALCULATE Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for assessing pressure injury risk in ICU patients, evaluated using daily risk assessments during ICU stay and comparison with the Braden Scale. The Braden Scale used in clinical settings and generates a total score ranging from 6 to 23, with lower scores indicating a higher risk of PI development. According to the CALCULATE for Pressure Injury risk assessment total score, patients with ≥4 risk factors are categorized as "very high risk," whereas those with ≤3 risk factors are classified as "high risk" .

  From ICU admission until ICU discharge, with daily risk assessments performed once every 24 hours during ICU stay.

Study Arms (1)

ICU Patients

Population consisted of patients admitted to a Level III Anesthesiology and Reanimation ICU

Other: ICU pressure injury prevention protocol as standard care

Interventions

ICU pressure injury prevention protocol as standard care OTHER

Patients were followed from the time of ICU admission until discharge. During the follow-up period, pressure injury risk was assessed only through the CALCULATE and Braden scales; no additional intervention was applied as part of the study. Throughout hospitalization, all patients received the unit's routine ICU pressure injury prevention protocol as standard care.

ICU Patients

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Study participants were recruited from the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit of a training and research hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. Participants were enrolled from patients receiving routine care in this ICU.

You may qualify if:

• participants were adults (≥ 18 years)
• ICU length of stay of ≥24 h
• No Pressure ınjury at admission

You may not qualify if:

• Patients discharged before completing 24 hours in the ICU
• Patients who were not cared for on specialized beds used in the ICU

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Acibadem University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences

Istanbul, Ataşehir, 34758, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (4)

• Baykara ZG, Karadag A, Bulut H, Duluklu B, Karabulut H, Aktas D, Celik SS, Guler S, Ay A, Gul S, Ozturk D, Irmak B, Aydogan S, Cebeci F, Karakaya D, Avsar P. Pressure Injury Prevalence and Risk Factors: A National Multicenter Analytical Study. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2023 Jul-Aug 01;50(4):289-295. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000995.

  PMID: 37467407 RESULT

• Hyun JE, Park SK. Characteristics of and Risk Factors for Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries in Trauma Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. West J Nurs Res. 2026 Feb;48(2):131-141. doi: 10.1177/01939459251389331. Epub 2025 Dec 3.

  PMID: 41332352 RESULT

• Richardson A, Barrow I. Part 1: Pressure ulcer assessment - the development of Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool made Easy (CALCULATE). Nurs Crit Care. 2015 Nov;20(6):308-14. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12173. Epub 2015 Mar 19.

  PMID: 25787920 RESULT

• Richardson A, Straughan C. Part 2: pressure ulcer assessment: implementation and revision of CALCULATE. Nurs Crit Care. 2015 Nov;20(6):315-21. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12172. Epub 2015 Mar 19.

  PMID: 25787803 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pressure Ulcer

Interventions

Standard of Care

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Skin Ulcer; Skin Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Quality Indicators, Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Health Services Administration; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Target Duration: 1 Day
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 27, 2026
• First Posted: March 6, 2026
• Study Start: October 1, 2024
• Primary Completion: January 30, 2025
• Study Completion: January 30, 2025
• Last Updated: March 6, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)