2D:4D Finger Ratio and Breast Cancer in Women

NCT07436169 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: B.270
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 132
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels. The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.

Conditions

Breast Cancer; Anthropometric Measurements; Females

Keywords

breast cancer; 2D:4D Ratio; CEA; Anatomy; CA 15-3; Anthropometry

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• only description measurement

  The lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) digits were measured on both hands of all participants to calculate the 2D:4D digit ratio. Measurements were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Each digit was measured from the midpoint of the basal crease (proximal flexion crease) to the tip of the finger, with the hand placed flat and fully extended on a stable surface.

  1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Breast Cancer Patients

Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer.

Healthy Controls

Age-matched women without a history of breast cancer or other malignancies.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 19 Years - 70 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: self female patients have conducted in the study
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Women aged 18 years and older who attended the breast clinic during the study period, including patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer and age-matched healthy controls.

You may qualify if:

• Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who were evaluated and/or treated at the breast clinic during the study period and who provided written informed consent were included in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals with hand deformities, a history of finger fractures, or finger deformities were excluded from the study during finger measurements

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Malatya Turgut Ozal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Malatya Turgut Ozal University

Malatya, Central, 44100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• 1. Li C, Li H, Zhong H, Li X. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with survival outcomes in female breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 01 Eylül 2021;212:105947. 2. Bidard FC, Hajage D, Bachelot T, Delaloge S, Brain E, Campone M, vd. Assessment of circulating tumor cells and serum markers for progression-free survival prediction in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective observational study. Breast Cancer Res. 13 Şubat 2012;14(1):R29. 3. Falzarano R, Viggiani V, Michienzi S, Longo F, Tudini S, Frati L, vd. Evaluation of a CLEIA automated assay system for the detection of a panel of tumor markers. Tumour Biol. Ekim 2013;34(5):3093-100. 4. Hasan D. Diagnostic impact of CEA and CA 15-3 on chemotherapy monitoring of breast cancer patients. J Circ Biomark. 2022;11:57-63. 5. Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D: 4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2014;5:9. 6. Manning JT, Churchill AJG, Peters M. The Effects of Sex, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation on Self-Measured Digit Ratio (2D:4D). Arch Sex Behav. Nisan 2007;36(2):223-33. 7. Bağci Uzun G, İnceoğlu F. Association of 2D:4D finger length ratio of People Working in different professions with personality traits. Heliyon. Haziran 2024;10(11):e32332. 8. Fonseca C de AD, Martelli DRB, Maia CMF, Dias VO, Carvalho AA, Júnior HM. Digital biomarker 2D:4D as a predictor of cancer: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev. Ocak 2022;164:105521. 9. Swift-Gallant A, Aung T, Salia S, Breedlove SM, Puts D. Sexual orientation is associated with 2D:4D finger length ratios in both sexes: an updated and expanded meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2025;16:1559158. 10. Muller DC, Baglietto L, Manning JT, McLean C, Hopper JL, English DR, vd. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), breast cancer risk factors, and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Canc

  RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Breast Neoplasms; Medullary cystic kidney disease 1

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Breast Diseases; Skin Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CONTROL
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Target Duration: 1 Day
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Ph.D

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 21, 2026
• First Posted: February 27, 2026
• Study Start: April 1, 2024
• Primary Completion: July 2, 2024
• Study Completion: August 7, 2025
• Last Updated: February 27, 2026

Record last verified: 2024-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)