Music Listening During NST Monitoring

NCT07414641 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Music Listening During NST
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 100
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study evaluated whether listening to music during routine non-stress test (NST) monitoring affects fetal parameters and maternal psychological outcomes. NST is a common prenatal assessment, and some pregnant women may experience anxiety or negative emotions during the procedure. Music listening is a non-pharmacological approach that may improve emotional well-being and potentially influence fetal responses. In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant women who attended an NST unit were assigned either to a music group that listened to music through headphones during NST monitoring or to a control group that received routine NST monitoring without music. Fetal parameters were assessed from NST recordings. Maternal anxiety, loneliness, and positive-negative affect were measured before and after the NST using validated questionnaires. The results of this study aim to inform supportive prenatal care practices and evaluate whether music listening can be used as a simple intervention during NST monitoring.

Conditions

Pregnancy; Maternal Anxiety; Fetal Well-Being

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Maternal State Anxiety

  Change in maternal anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Form (STAI-S). Scores range from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.

  Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Loneliness (Social and Emotional Loneliness)

  Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)

• Positive and Negative Affect

  Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)

• Fetal Heart Rate During NST

  During NST monitoring (same visit)

• Fetal Movement Count During NST

  During NST monitoring (same visit).

Study Arms (2)

Music Listening During NST

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference.

Behavioral: Music Listening During NST

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants received routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes without music.

Interventions

Music Listening During NST BEHAVIORAL

Participants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference.

Music Listening During NST

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Pregnant women attending the NST unit during the study period
• Aged 18 years or older
• Volunteered to participate and provided written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Inability to read and write Turkish
• Hearing impairment or mental health conditions limiting participation
• Multiple pregnancy

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Biruni University: lead

Study Sites (1)

State University Hospital, Obstetrics Clinic, NST Unit, Istanbul

Istanbul, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Officials

• NİLGUN AVCI

  Biruni University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: phD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 6, 2026
• First Posted: February 17, 2026
• Study Start: January 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: April 30, 2023
• Study Completion: April 30, 2023
• Last Updated: February 17, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Locations

TU (1)