Tabata Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthases and Maresin

NCT07412639 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: ATAUNISPORT1
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Tabata exercise is a short-duration, high-intensity exercise modality with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of tabata exercise on iNOS, eNOS, and Maresin levels, as well as the relationships among these biomarkers, in smokers and non-smokers.

Conditions

Smoking; Smoking, Cigarette

Keywords

Tabata Exercise; smoker; Maresin; nitric oxide synthase

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level

  iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.

  6 week after exercise

• serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level

  iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.

  12 week after exercise

• serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level

  eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.

  6 week after exercise

• serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level

  eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.

  12 week after exercise

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• serum maresin level

  6 week after exercise

• serum maresin level

  12 week after exercise

Study Arms (2)

Smoker

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

* Current smokers with a smoking history of at least 2 years * Daily cigarette consumption of ≥10 cigarettes per day

Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol

Nonsmoker

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

* Individuals who had never smoked, or * Individuals who had not smoked for at least 5 years, with no history of regular passive smoking exposure

Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol

Interventions

Tabata Exercise Protocol OTHER

The Tabata protocol consisted of 20-second high-intensity intervals exceeding 70 % of VO₂max and approaching \~90 % of VO₂max, followed by 10 seconds of rest, repeated for 4 minutes per set. Exercises included high knees, froggers, speed skaters, jumping jacks, and mountain climbers. Following the original Tabata design \[29\], each work-rest cycle was repeated eight times. Each training session began with a 10-15 minute warm-up and concluded with a 10-15 minute cool-down. The total number of sets ranged from 1 to 4, and the number of exercises per session ranged from 4 to 8. Training intensity progressively increased from 30 % to 89 % of maximal effort according to the principle of progressive overload.

Nonsmoker; Smoker

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Age between 18 and 40 years
• No regular participation in structured physical exercise for at least 6 months prior to enrollment
• Absence of any acute or chronic inflammatory disease at baseline
• No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, or neurological disorders
• Ability to comply with the study protocol and complete the tabata exercise program
• Provision of written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Initiation or cessation of smoking during the study period
• Use of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, corticosteroid, or vasoactive medications
• Acute infection, surgical intervention, or major trauma within the preceding 3 months
• Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic pulmonary disease
• History of alcohol or substance abuse
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Musculoskeletal or orthopedic conditions that could limit participation in tabata exercise
• Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol or failure to complete follow-up assessments

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Ataturk University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Atatürk University

Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, Salameh MJ, Blaha MJ, Allison M, Heiss G, Selvin E, Coresh J, Matsushita K. Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jul 30;74(4):498-507. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.049.

  PMID: 31345423 BACKGROUND

• Fysikopoulos A, Seimetz M, Hadzic S, Knoepp F, Wu CY, Malkmus K, Wilhelm J, Pichl A, Bednorz M, Tadele Roxlau E, Ghofrani HA, Sommer N, Gierhardt M, Schermuly RT, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Weissmann N, Kraut S. Amelioration of elastase-induced lung emphysema and reversal of pulmonary hypertension by pharmacological iNOS inhibition in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Jan;178(1):152-171. doi: 10.1111/bph.15057. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

  PMID: 32201936 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Smoking; Cigarette Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 9, 2026
• First Posted: February 17, 2026
• Study Start: October 24, 2025
• Primary Completion: January 16, 2026
• Study Completion: January 30, 2026
• Last Updated: February 17, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)