NCT07403110

Brief Summary

The study was conducted to determine the effects of Kaltenborn mobilization with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pain, range of motion and function in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
50

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2025

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 14, 2025

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2025

Completed
4 days until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 5, 2025

Completed
2 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 4, 2026

Completed
7 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 11, 2026

Completed
Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

February 4, 2026

Last Update Submit

February 4, 2026

Conditions

Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Keywords

disabilitymobilityback pain

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Numeric Pain Rating Scale

    Numeric Pain Rating scale is used to measure intensity of pain. It ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 represents moderate pain and 7-10 shows severe pain.

    From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.

  • Oswestry Disability Index

    Oswetry Disability index is a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions used to asses functional disability in patients with low back pain. In this scale, 0-20% = minimal disability, 21-40% = moderate disability, 41-60% = severe disability, 61-80% = crippled and 81-100% = bedbound.

    From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • ROM Lumbar spine (Flexion)

    From enrollment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.

  • ROM of Lumbar Spine ( Extension)

    From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique

EXPERIMENTAL
Other: Kaltenborn mobilizationOther: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation TechniqueOther: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment

Kaltenborn mobilization

ACTIVE COMPARATOR
Other: Kaltenborn mobilizationOther: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment

Interventions

Kaltenborn mobilizationOTHER

Kaltenborn mobilization was applied to the lumbar spine area in the dorsal direction . Patient was positioned in flexion , side bending and rotation to the right and glide was applied in dorsal direction. Similar glide was given to patient in extension, side bending and rotation to the right. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.

Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniqueKaltenborn mobilization
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation TechniqueOTHER

PNF Hold Relax technique was performed on lumbar spine to increase the extensibility of the surrounding muscles after a maximal response. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.

Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique
Standard Physiotherapy TreatmentOTHER

Hotpack for 10 mins was applied with Tens at a burst mode with pulse width 200 microsec, frequency 100 Hz, burst frequency 2 Hz for 10 mins. Ultrasound was applied for 10 mins, stretching of calf, hamstrings and gluteals along with back strengthening.

Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniqueKaltenborn mobilization

Eligibility Criteria

Age25 Years - 45 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Age range of 25 to 45
  • Pain lasting for more than 3 months
  • Score between 2 to 7 in NPRS
  • Score of greater than 20 in ODI
  • Pain localized between the level below the ribs at the posterior side and above the level of buttocks.

You may not qualify if:

  • Any neoplasm involving back
  • Radiating pain
  • Metabolic disorders like osteoporosis
  • Pregnancy
  • Acute infection
  • Prior orthopedic surgeries
  • Acute trauma

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

General Hospital Lahore

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000, Pakistan

Location

Related Publications (13)

  • Panjaitan LA, Hon WHC, Baait SN, Mawaddah N. Comparison between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and mckenzie method in lumbar range of motion on non-specific low back pain. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation. 2020;9(1):63-71.

    BACKGROUND

  • Mehyar F, Santos M, Wilson SE, Staggs VS, Sharma NK. Effect of grade III lumbar mobilization on back muscles in chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Allied Health. 2020;49(1):20-8.

    BACKGROUND

  • Thomas JS, Clark BC, Russ DW, France CR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Corcos DM; RELIEF Study Investigators. Effect of Spinal Manipulative and Mobilization Therapies in Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2012589. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12589.

    PMID: 32756930BACKGROUND

  • Karkamandi F, Miri H, Letafatkar A, Haghighi M. Comparing the effects of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance, and proprioception in women with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Sport Sciences and Health Research. 2021;13(2):165-77.

    BACKGROUND

  • Fouda KZ, Dewir IM, Abdelsalam MS. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain patients. Physiotherapy Quarterly. 2021;29(2):32-7.

    BACKGROUND

  • Lizis P, Kobza W, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Wisniewski D. Osteopathic Manual Treatment Compared to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2021:AT6593-AT.

    BACKGROUND

  • Koutarapu S, Ghumare D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises for chronic low back pain patients: A randomized interventional study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2022;54(1):23-8.

    BACKGROUND

  • Arcanjo FL, Martins JVP, Mote P, Leporace G, de Oliveira DA, de Sousa CS, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training reduces pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2022;46:101505.

    BACKGROUND

  • Malik A, Ramsha M, Samad A. Outcomes of the butler neural mo-bilization technique and manual therapy for chronic low back pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Basic Clin Med Sci. 2022;1:3-11.

    BACKGROUND

  • Kasimis K, Iakovidis P, Lytras D, Koutras G, Chatziprodromidou IP, Fetlis A, et al. Short-term effects of manual therapy plus capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized clinical trial study. Medicina. 2023;59(7):1275.

    BACKGROUND

  • Shahzadi M, Tanveer S, Batool M, Sheikh SA, Faraz K, Fatima Z. Comparing Muscle Energy Technique and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopaedic Manual Therapy: A Study on Effectiveness in Treating Chronic Low Back Pain. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):1200-5.

    BACKGROUND

  • Khalid R, Hasan S, Anis T, Riaz SW, Maroof A, Arshad A, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) With or Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Pattern in Lumbosacral Dysfunction: Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET). THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:51-5.

    BACKGROUND

  • Deopa V, Kumar N, Thapliyal S, Sharma S. To Compare the Effect of PNF Stretching and Core Stabilizing Exercise Versus McKenzie Technique in Subjects with Low Back Pain.

    BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Back Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

PainNeurologic ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

  • Shakil ur Rehman, Ph.D

    Riphah International University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 4, 2026

First Posted

February 11, 2026

Study Start

October 14, 2025

Primary Completion

December 1, 2025

Study Completion

December 5, 2025

Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations

PA(1)