VRTUG-CLBP
Validity and Reliability of an Immersive Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Timed Up and Go Test in Individuals With Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Sponsor study identifier
observational
65
1 country
1
Study Start
March 21, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Primary Completion
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
This study evaluates whether an immersive virtual reality (VR) version of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test can accurately measure functional mobility in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain. The standard TUG test measures the time needed to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back, and sit down. In the VR version (VR-TUG), participants perform the same movements while wearing a VR headset that displays a virtual environment. We will examine: (1) whether VR-TUG results are similar to the standard TUG, (2) whether VR-TUG is reliable when repeated about one week later, and (3) whether VR-TUG performance is associated with pain, disability, and fear of movement. Participants will complete questionnaires (VAS, ODI, and TSK), perform standard TUG and VR-TUG at baseline, and repeat VR-TUG 7 ± 2 days later. Results will help determine whether VR-based functional mobility testing is a practical assessment tool for people with chronic low back pain.
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
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Dates and qualifiers reported by the registry. Estimated dates do not confirm that a milestone has occurred.
February 4, 2026
Actual (reported)February 11, 2026
Actual (reported)March 21, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Virtual Reality Timed Up and Go (VR-TUG) Completion Time
Time (in seconds) to complete the VR-adapted Timed Up and Go test while wearing a head-mounted display, including standing from a chair, walking 3 meters, turning 180°, walking back, and sitting down.
Baseline and 7 ± 2 days (test-retest)
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Completion Time
Baseline
Pain Intensity (Visual Analog Scale, VAS)
Baseline
Disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI)
Baseline
Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, TSK)
Baseline
Test-Retest Reliability of VR-TUG (ICC)
Baseline and 7 ± 2 days
Agreement and Measurement Error of VR-TUG (SEM/MDC, Bland-Altman)
Baseline and 7 ± 2 days
Adults aged 18-55 years with chronic non-specific low back pain who undergo functional mobility assessment using the Timed Up and Go test and its virtual reality adaptation (VR-TUG).
Adults aged 18-55 years with clinician-diagnosed chronic non-specific low back pain who present to the Selcuk University Medical Faculty Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and meet the eligibility criteria.
Selcuk University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Konya, Konya, 42130, Turkey (Türkiye)
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Yakut E, Duger T, Oksuz C, Yorukan S, Ureten K, Turan D, Frat T, Kiraz S, Krd N, Kayhan H, Yakut Y, Guler C. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Mar 1;29(5):581-5; discussion 585. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000113869.13209.03.
Ozsoy G, Aksoy K. Intra- and inter- rater reliability of the face-to-face assessment and tele-assessment of performance-based tests in older adults. Eur Geriatr Med. 2024 Jun;15(3):601-607. doi: 10.1007/s41999-024-00946-7. Epub 2024 Feb 21.
First Submitted
February 4, 2026
First Posted
February 11, 2026
Study Start
March 21, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Primary Completion
September 30, 2026
Erector Spinae Plane Block With or Without Thoracolumbar Fascia Injection for Chronic Low Back Pain
Effectiveness of Electrotherapy Treatment in Chronic Low Back Pain
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Delbes L, Mascret N, Goulon C, Montagne G. Validation of an immersive virtual reality device accepted by seniors that preserves the adaptive behavior produced in the real world. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Sep 2;10:917486. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917486. eCollection 2022.
Muhla F, Clanche F, Duclos K, Meyer P, Maiaux S, Colnat-Coulbois S, Gauchard GC. Impact of using immersive virtual reality over time and steps in the Timed Up and Go test in elderly people. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 13;15(3):e0229594. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229594. eCollection 2020.
Garay-Sanchez A, Suarez-Serrano C, Ferrando-Margeli M, Jimenez-Rejano JJ, Marcen-Roman Y. Effects of Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality on the Static and Dynamic Balance of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021 Sep 28;10(19):4473. doi: 10.3390/jcm10194473.
Huang G, Chen W. Therapeutic effects of virtual reality technology on chronic low back pain. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Nov 7;104(45):e45867. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000045867.
Hirano K, Imagama S, Hasegawa Y, Ito Z, Muramoto A, Ishiguro N. Impact of low back pain, knee pain, and timed up-and-go test on quality of life in community-living people. J Orthop Sci. 2014 Jan;19(1):164-71. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0476-0. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Moreno-Ligero M, Duenas M, Failde I, Del Pino R, Coronilla MC, Moral-Munoz JA. Psychometric Properties of the Pictorial Pain Interference Questionnaire for Assessing Functional Interference in Chronic Low Back Pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2024 Oct;105(10):1870-1879. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.029. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Buraschi R, Pollet J, Villafane JH, Piovanelli B, Negrini S. Temporal and kinematic analyses of timed up and go test in chronic low back pain patients. Gait Posture. 2022 Jul;96:137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.027. Epub 2022 May 26.
Dobson F. Timed Up and Go test in musculoskeletal conditions. J Physiother. 2015 Jan;61(1):47. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2014.11.003. Epub 2014 Dec 10. No abstract available.
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Feb;39(2):142-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.
Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet. 2017 Feb 18;389(10070):736-747. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30970-9. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Vlaeyen JWS, Maher CG, Wiech K, Van Zundert J, Meloto CB, Diatchenko L, Battie MC, Goossens M, Koes B, Linton SJ. Low back pain. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Dec 13;4(1):52. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0052-1.
This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
September 30, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Last Updated
February 11, 2026
Record last verified: 2026-02
De-identified individual participant data (IPD) that underlie the primary and secondary outcome results of this study will be shared. This includes the analyzable dataset containing demographic variables, VR-TUG and TUG completion times, pain intensity (VAS), disability (ODI), kinesiophobia scores, and key covariates used in the main analyses.
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Source: ClinicalTrials.gov.
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