Gross Motor Skills Predict Adaptive Behavior in Institutionalized Children With Severe Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

NCT07358143 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: 102772024RT062SUS
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 227
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study examines whether gross motor skills are linked to everyday functioning (adaptive behavior) in children with severe intellectual disability (ID) living in social welfare institutions. We recruited 227 orphaned children aged 6-12 years from six welfare institutions in China. Gross motor competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2), which includes locomotor skills and object control skills. :contentReference\[oaicite:1\]{index=1} Adaptive behavior was assessed using the Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire for Children (ADQ), which provides an overall ADQ Index and scores for independence, cognition, and socialization. Assessments were conducted on site by a trained research team between May and June 2024. TGMD-2 sessions were video recorded and scored by trained raters, and caregivers completed the ADQ with assistance to ensure completeness. :contentReference\[oaicite:3\]{index=3} We will evaluate associations between TGMD-2 scores and ADQ outcomes and assess whether the TGMD-2 total score can help screen for children at risk of low adaptive functioning (ADQ Index \< 70). All procedures were approved by the local university ethics committee (approval number: 102772024RT062), and informed consent was obtained from institutional administrators and caregivers.

Conditions

Severe Intellectual Disability

Keywords

Intellectual Disability; Adaptive Behavior; Gross Motor Skills; Motor Competence

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Adaptive behavior (ADQ Index)

  Overall adaptive functioning measured by the Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire for Children (ADQ). The ADQ Index is derived from standardized scoring procedures; higher scores indicate better adaptive behavior.

  At assessment (single time point; May-June 2024).

Study Arms (1)

Severe ID Cohort (Institutionalized Children)

A convenience sample of 227 orphaned children with severe intellectual disability recruited from six social welfare institutions (orphanages) in China. All participants resided in institutional care for extended periods and completed one-time assessments, including TGMD-2 motor testing and caregiver-assisted ADQ adaptive behavior evaluation. Data were collected between May and June 2024.

Diagnostic Test: Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) Assessment; Diagnostic Test: Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire for Children (ADQ) Assessment

Interventions

Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire for Children (ADQ) Assessment DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Caregiver-assisted administration of the Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire for Children (ADQ) to obtain the overall ADQ Index and domain scores (independence, cognition, socialization). Standardized scoring was used; ADQ Index \< 70 was used to classify low adaptive behavior for analysis. This is an assessment procedure, not a therapeutic intervention.

Severe ID Cohort (Institutionalized Children)

Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) Assessment DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Standardized gross motor skill assessment (locomotor and object control subtests) administered at a single time point. Testing followed an instruction-demonstration-imitation protocol; sessions were video recorded and independently scored by two trained raters with adjudication by a third rater if needed. This is an assessment procedure, not a therapeutic intervention.

Severe ID Cohort (Institutionalized Children)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 6 Years - 12 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

A convenience sample of 227 orphaned children with severe intellectual disability (DSM-5; IQ 20-34), aged 6-12 years, recruited from six social welfare institutions (orphanages) in China. All participants resided in institutional care for extended periods and completed one-time on-site assessments, including TGMD-2 gross motor testing and caregiver-assisted ADQ adaptive behavior evaluation. Data were collected between May and June 2024.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Xili Wen: lead

Study Sites (1)

Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education and Training

Shanghai, Ph.d, 200438, China

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Intellectual Disability

Interventions

Physical Examination

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Mental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Ph.DStudent

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 14, 2026
• First Posted: January 22, 2026
• Study Start: May 3, 2024
• Primary Completion: June 3, 2024
• Study Completion: June 3, 2024
• Last Updated: January 22, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CN (1)