Effect of Toothpastes on Oral Malodor

NCT07329062 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Approval No: 18, Date: 29/01/2
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 52
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpaste formulations on oral malodor in young adults, addressing the lack of clinical evidence regarding propolis- and probiotic-containing toothpastes, which have predominantly been investigated in mouthrinse, tablet, or chewing gum formulations. Volunteers aged 18-30 years with baseline organoleptic assessment (OA) and Breath Checker® (BC) scores \>0 were randomized into four toothpaste groups: propolis-containing (Glimo Beta), probiotic-containing (Glimo Pi), phosphate-based (Glimo Gamma), and a standard fluoride toothpaste (Sensodyne). Allocation concealment was ensured using identical coded containers, and outcome assessors were blinded. After exclusions, 52 participants completed the study. Oral malodor was evaluated at baseline (T0) and Day 14 (T1) using OA, BC measurements, and self-perceived oral malodor scores.

Conditions

Oral Malodor (Halitosis)

Keywords

Oral Malodor; Propolis; Probiotic toothpaste

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in oral malodor severity

  Oral malodor was assessed using an organoleptic scoring method and a portable breath checker device. The change in scores from baseline to the end of the intervention period was evaluated.

  Baseline and Day 14

Study Arms (4)

Propolis containing toothpaste

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this arm used propolis containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Other: Propolis Containing Toothpaste

probiotic containing toothpaste

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this arm used probiotic containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Other: Probiotic containing toothpaste

Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this arm used phosphate-based formulation toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Other: Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste

Standard fluoride

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this arm used standard fluoride containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Other: Standard fluoride toothpaste

Interventions

Propolis Containing Toothpaste OTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using propolis toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Propolis containing toothpaste

Probiotic containing toothpaste OTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using probiotic toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

probiotic containing toothpaste

Standard fluoride toothpaste OTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using standard fluoride toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Standard fluoride

Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste OTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• No systemic diseases or medications known to cause halitosis
• No active periodontal disease requiring treatment
• No antibiotic use within the previous month
• No orthodontic or removable space-maintaining appliances
• Non-smokers
• Organoleptic score \>0 and Breath-Checker® (BC) score \>0 at baseline

You may not qualify if:

• Participants reporting systemic conditions, active periodontal therapy, smoking, or antibiotic usage were excluded.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Çankırı Karatekin University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Cankiri Karatekin University

Çankırı, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Halitosis

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assisstant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 29, 2025
• First Posted: January 9, 2026
• Study Start: January 30, 2025
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2025
• Study Completion: December 25, 2025
• Last Updated: January 9, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)