Evaluating the Level of Agreement Between Goniometer Measurements and Algorithm to Determine Wall Squat Position

NCT07297485 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 10240
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 21
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The wall squat exercise has been used in several research studies to help lower blood pressure. However, setting up the correct squat position often involves using a joint angle-measuring tool called a goniometer to get the knee at exactly the right angle. To set up the wall squat using a goniometer, someone has to stand in position, hold still while their knee angle is measured and adjusted, and then measure how high they should squat. This takes time, can be uncomfortable, and can be difficult to hold steady. This can make it difficult to get accurate measurements, particularly for people who are not used to exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore if a squat height calculator (based on leg bone measurements) to work out the squat height agrees with goniometer measurements for specific knee joint angles.

Conditions

Wall Squat Position

Keywords

Goniometer; Algorithm; Wall Squat; Level of Agreement

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Level of agreement

  Level of agreement between standard long arm goniometer and squat height calculator algorithm will be determined at each squat stage for knee joint angle (degrees).

  Baseline

Study Arms (1)

Wall Squat Position

Participants will have femur and fibula length (cm) measurements taken and complete both protocols unshod. Protocol 1 - Goniometer Squat Position Protocol A universal standard long arm goniometer will be aligned for knee flexion and held in position using soft velcro straps. A spirit level will establish and maintain vertical alignment of the fibula during the protocol. Participants will assume a 5-stage wall squat position. At each squat stage measurements for squat heigh at width will be recorded. Protocol 2 - Squat Height Calculator Femur and fibula bone measurements will be entered into the squat height calculator algorithm to determine the the 5-stage squat measurements. Markers will be placed on a squat height ruler for the height and width at each stage. Participants will be asked to align the lateral malleolus and greater trochanter with the markers and the joint angle measured using a universal standard long arm goniometer for each stage.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 21 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

A convenience sample recruited from the Tyne and Wear area.

You may qualify if:

• \>21 years
• Written informed consent provided

You may not qualify if:

• Orthopaedic problems or injury affecting the hip, knee, or ankle joints
• Inability to stand unaided and hold a static position for \>5 minutes

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Northumbria University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Northumbria University

Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (6)

• Simon S, Fischer B, Rinner A, Hummer A, Frank BJH, Mitterer JA, Huber S, Aichmair A, Schwarz GM, Hofstaetter JG. Body height estimation from automated length measurements on standing long leg radiographs using artificial intelligence. Sci Rep. 2023 May 25;13(1):8504. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34670-2.

  PMID: 37231033 BACKGROUND

• Kiatkulanusorn S, Luangpon N, Srijunto W, Watechagit S, Pitchayadejanant K, Kuharat S, Beg OA, Suato BP. Analysis of the concurrent validity and reliability of five common clinical goniometric devices. Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 27;13(1):20931. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48344-6.

  PMID: 38017058 BACKGROUND

• Hanks J, Myers B. Validity, Reliability, and Efficiency of a Standard Goniometer, Medical Inclinometer, and Builder's Inclinometer. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023 Aug 1;18(4):989-996. doi: 10.26603/001c.83944. eCollection 2023.

  PMID: 37547826 BACKGROUND

• Lea JWD, O'Driscoll JM, Hulbert S, Scales J, Wiles JD. Convergent Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open. 2022 Jan 8;8(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8.

  PMID: 35000021 BACKGROUND

• Wiles J, Rees-Roberts M, O'Driscoll JM, Doulton T, MacInnes D, Short V, Pellatt-Higgins T, Saxby K, Gousia K, West A, Smith M, Santer E, Darby J, Farmer CK. Feasibility study to assess the delivery of a novel isometric exercise intervention for people with stage 1 hypertension in the NHS: protocol for the IsoFIT-BP study including amendments to mitigate the risk of COVID-19. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2021 Oct 28;7(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s40814-021-00925-w.

  PMID: 34711266 BACKGROUND

• Lea JWD, O'Driscoll JM, Wiles JD. The implementation of a home-based isometric wall squat intervention using ratings of perceived exertion to select and control exercise intensity: a pilot study in normotensive and pre-hypertensive adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Jan;124(1):281-293. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05269-2. Epub 2023 Jul 17.

  PMID: 37458822 BACKGROUND

Study Officials

• Gabriel Cucato, PhD

  Northumbria University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 9, 2025
• First Posted: December 22, 2025
• Study Start: July 15, 2025
• Primary Completion: January 19, 2026
• Study Completion: January 19, 2026
• Last Updated: February 6, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

GB (1)