The Effect of Psychoeducation Program Applied to Older Adults Based on Psychosocial Development Theory on Self-critical Rumination, Self-esteem and Psychological Well-being

NCT07274592 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 26003
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 49
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim is to examine the effect of a psychoeducation program based on the Psychosocial Development Theory applied to older adults on self-critical rumination, self-esteem, and psychological well-being, as well as the relationship between these concepts. The constant and repetitive thinking of older adults about their past mistakes and failures is defined as self-critical rumination, which can have negative effects on mental health, lead to a decline in quality of life, and cause older adults to experience an unhappy process. For this study, a psychoeducation program based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development was prepared. The program aims to differentiate rumination levels among older adults, provide suggestions on how to reduce these ruminative thoughts, and teach techniques for dealing with repetitive thoughts, thereby equipping individuals with methods to cope with ruminative thinking. It is expected that elderly individuals who acquire this coping method will experience changes in their psychological well-being and self-esteem. This study's examination of the effects of the psychoeducational program on psychological well-being provides a critical contribution to improving the quality of life of elderly individuals.

Conditions

Older Adults (65 Years and Older)

Keywords

older adults; self-esteem; rumination; psychological well-being; randomized controlled trial

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• The effect of the psychoeducation program on self-critical rumination, psychological well-being, and self-esteem

  Self-Critical Rumination Scale: The Self-Critical Rumination Scale was created to determine individuals' self-critical rumination. Developed by Smart et al. (2016), the scale was adapted to Turkish by Kocalar (2019). It is a four-point Likert-type measurement tool. The scale has a 10-item, single-factor structure. There is no reverse scoring for the scale items. (Kocalar, 2019). Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly: Developed by Gümüş Demir (2023) to measure the levels of psychological well-being in elderly individuals, the scale consists of 15 items. It is a five-point Likert-type scale. Questions 8 and 13 are reverse-coded, and the minimum score is 15 and the maximum score is 75. As the psychological well-being score increases, so does the level of well-being. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: The scale, developed by Rosenberg (1963), was adapted into Turkish by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The 10-item scale is rated as "very true," "true," "false," and "very false."

  At the beginning of the study and at the end of the 8th week

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• The Effect of Psychoeducation Program Applied to Older Adults Based on Psychosocial Development Theory on Self-critical Rumination, Self-esteem and Psychological Well-being

  At the beginning of the study

Study Arms (2)

Control

NO INTERVENTION

A standardized mini mental test will be administered at the beginning of the study to determine the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic Information Form, Self-Critical Rumination Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale for Older Adults, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale will be applied to the control group. No intervention will be made. Measurement tools will be applied for the posttest.

Psychoeducation Program

EXPERIMENTAL

A standardized mini mental test will be administered at the beginning of the study to determine the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic Information Form, Self-Critical Rumination Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale for Older Adults, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale will be applied to pretest. The psychoeducation will be conducted once a week (on a day deemed appropriate and recommended by the nursing home) by a researcher (graduate student) with three groups. Eight sessions, each lasting 45 minutes, are planned. At the end of the sessions, post-tests of the measurement tools will be performed.

Behavioral: Psychoeducation Program

Interventions

Psychoeducation Program BEHAVIORAL

The Psychoeducation Program, grounded in Erikson's Psychosocial Theory, is designed to help older adults cope with self-critical ruminative thoughts and improve their psychological well-being and self-esteem. Based on Erikson's eight stages of development, this program aims to help older individuals review their life journeys and understand how they experienced crises at each stage. Throughout the program, participants are encouraged to reframe their past experiences in a positive way, increase their current well-being, and strengthen their self-esteem. Older adults may face more challenges with past experiences and uncertainties about the future as they progress through life. During this process, repetitive thoughts, i.e., negative or worrisome thoughts that constantly occupy the mind, can negatively affect individuals' mental health. Psychoeducation programs are an important tool for developing coping skills for such thoughts and improving individuals' quality of life.

Psychoeducation Program

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years+
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Being 65 years of age or older,
• Being literate,
• Scoring 25 or above on the Standardized Mini Mental Test,
• Having no hearing or vision problems,
• Volunteering to participate in the study

You may not qualify if:

• Not attending more than two psychoeducation sessions,
• Not wishing to continue the study,
• Being unable to attend due to any physical or mental health condition.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Necmettin Erbakan University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Dr. İsmail Işık Retirement and Rehabilitation Center

Konya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Rumination Syndrome; Psychological Well-Being

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Gastrointestinal Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Mental Disorders; Personal Satisfaction; Behavior

Study Officials

• Adeviye AYDIN

  Necmettin Erbakan University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Nurse

Model Details: A standardized mini mental test will be administered to determine the inclusion criteria for non-rehabilitated elderly adults living in nursing homes. After administering pre-tests to the elderly adults, they will be assigned to the intervention and control groups using a simple randomization method. Elderly adults with a standardized mini mental test score of 25 or above on the https://www.randomizer.org/ will be assigned a number and randomized. Twenty-six individuals will be assigned to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. Randomization will be performed by the thesis advisor, and the researcher will have access to the information in the control and intervention groups prior to implementation. Support will be obtained from an independent statistician for the statistical analysis of the data in the reporting. This will prevent the risk of bias in the results.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 27, 2025
• First Posted: December 10, 2025
• Study Start: February 6, 2026
• Primary Completion: March 28, 2026
• Study Completion: March 28, 2026
• Last Updated: April 9, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)