Augmented Reality-Based Exercise Training in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis

NCT07201103 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: 323S271TÜBİTAK 1001 Projesi - 323S271
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of augmented reality (AR)-based exercise training in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Participants are randomly assigned to either a control group receiving conventional Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE-Schroth) or an intervention group receiving AR-assisted PSSE-Schroth exercises. The primary outcomes include body awareness, trunk appearance perception, and exercise adherence. The study aims to evaluate whether AR-assisted training provides additional benefits over conventional therapy in improving postural control, perception, and compliance in scoliosis management.

Conditions

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Keywords

Scoliosis; Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis; AR-based Rehabilitation; Augmented Reality Exercise Training; Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE); Schroth Method; Exercise Adherence; Body Awareness; Trunk Appearance Perception

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Body Awareness (ABC - Vücut Farkındalık Çizelgesi)

  Body awareness will be assessed using the standardized Awareness-Body-Chart (ABC). Participants rate awareness of different body regions, and a total score is calculated. The outcome is the change in total ABC score from baseline (T0) to the end of intervention (T4, 4th week). A higher score indicates greater body awareness.

  Baseline (T0) and 4 weeks after intervention (T4).

Study Arms (2)

Control - Conventional PSSE-Schroth

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants in this group received supervised conventional Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE-Schroth) for 4 weeks. The program included one 45-minute supervised session per week, complemented by home exercises. Established scoliosis rehabilitation protocols focusing on posture correction, breathing, and spinal alignment were followed.

Behavioral: Conventional PSSE-Schroth

Experimental - AR-assisted PSSE-Schroth

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group received supervised augmented reality (AR)-assisted Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE-Schroth) for 4 weeks. The intervention included one 45-minute supervised session per week, supplemented with home exercises. Augmented reality technology was used to provide real-time visual and kinesthetic feedback, aiming to enhance posture correction, breathing patterns, and spinal alignment.

Behavioral: AR-Assisted PSSE-Schroth

Interventions

Conventional PSSE-Schroth BEHAVIORAL

Participants performed conventional Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE-Schroth) for 4 weeks. The program consisted of one 45-minute supervised session per week complemented by home-based exercises. The exercises focused on posture correction, spinal alignment, and corrective breathing techniques according to standard scoliosis rehabilitation protocols.

Also known as: Schroth Method

Control - Conventional PSSE-Schroth

AR-Assisted PSSE-Schroth BEHAVIORAL

Participants performed Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE-Schroth) enhanced with augmented reality (AR) support for 4 weeks. The intervention included one 45-minute supervised session per week, plus home-based exercises. The AR system provided real-time visual and kinesthetic feedback during exercise sessions to improve body awareness, trunk appearance perception, and adherence.

Also known as: Augmented Reality Exercise Training

Experimental - AR-assisted PSSE-Schroth

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 10 Years - 18 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Adolescents clinically diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
• Cobb angle between 10° and 30°
• Age range: 10-18 years
• No history of spinal surgery
• Ability to regularly participate in the exercise program
• Signed informed consent obtained from both participants and their parents

You may not qualify if:

• Diagnosis of neuromuscular, congenital, or secondary scoliosis
• Previous history of spinal surgery
• Presence of severe cardiovascular, respiratory, or musculoskeletal conditions preventing participation in exercise
• Visual, auditory, or perceptual impairments that would hinder participation in augmented reality-based training
• Concurrent participation in another physiotherapy or rehabilitation program during the study period

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hasan Kalyoncu University: lead
• The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Hasan Kalyoncu University

Gaziantep, Şahinbey, 27010, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (7)

• Yuan W, Shi W, Chen L, Liu D, Lin Y, Li Q, Lu J, Zhang H, Feng Q, Zhang H; Digital Care Study Group. Digital Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Feb 3;8(2):e2459929. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.59929.

  PMID: 39964686 BACKGROUND

• Cavalcanti, V. C., Ferreira, M. I. d. S., Teichrieb, V., Barioni, R. R., Correia, W. F. M., Da Gama, A. E. F. 2019. "Usability and effects of text, image and audio feedback on exercise correction during augmented reality based motor rehabilitation", Computers & Graphics, 85, 100-10.

  BACKGROUND

• Kocaman H, Bek N, Kaya MH, Buyukturan B, Yetis M, Buyukturan O. The effectiveness of two different exercise approaches in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A single-blind, randomized-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 15;16(4):e0249492. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249492. eCollection 2021.

  PMID: 33857180 BACKGROUND

• Buyukturan O, Kaya MH, Alkan H, Buyukturan B, Erbahceci F. Comparison of the efficacy of Schroth and Lyon exercise treatment techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled, assessor and statistician blinded study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2024 Aug;72:102952. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102952. Epub 2024 Apr 12.

  PMID: 38631273 BACKGROUND

• Chen C, Xu J, Li H. Effects of Schroth 3D Exercise on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children (Basel). 2024 Jul 1;11(7):806. doi: 10.3390/children11070806.

  PMID: 39062255 BACKGROUND

• Schreiber S, Parent EC, Khodayari Moez E, Hedden DM, Hill DL, Moreau M, Lou E, Watkins EM, Southon SC. Schroth Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises Added to the Standard of Care Lead to Better Cobb Angle Outcomes in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis - an Assessor and Statistician Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 29;11(12):e0168746. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168746. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 28033399 BACKGROUND

• Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Bialek M, M'hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J. Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Aug 4;11:20. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 27525315 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Scoliosis

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Spinal Curvatures; Spinal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases

Study Officials

• Adnan B Coşkun, PhD

  Hasan Kalyoncu University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation to reduce assessment bias. Participants and care providers were not blinded due to the nature of the intervention.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Asst.Prof.Dr.

Model Details: Participants were randomly allocated to either the control group (conventional PSSE-Schroth) or the intervention group (AR-assisted PSSE-Schroth). Both groups received supervised exercise training over 12 weeks.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 23, 2025
• First Posted: October 1, 2025
• Study Start: January 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2025
• Study Completion: September 1, 2025
• Last Updated: October 1, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Locations

TU (1)