Pre and Post-Implementation of Injury/Trauma First Aid Training Among Early Secondary School Students in Fako, Cameroon

NCT07110077 | Completed DMC

• 2 other identifiers: 029/CRERSH/SW/C/11/2024D43TW012186
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 166
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

To save lives, alleviate pain, and prevent injuries from worsening before medical assistance can be summoned, first aid is essential. These fundamental skills are accessible to everyone, including young people. Worldwide, first aid training has consistently improved outcomes and reduced injury-related complications. Although first aid training for adults is widely available, it is equally important to equip young people in schools with these skills so they can defend themselves and support their communities. 'Young First Aiders' (YoFA) is a youth-specific first aid program that is the subject of this study, to be conducted in the Fako Division, Cameroon. Its primary goals are to:

• Determine how stakeholders view the YoFA program.
• Assess whether YoFA enhances the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of first aid among secondary school pupils.
• Determine the difficulties in providing this age group with first aid training.
• Assess the program's overall usefulness and efficacy. The investigator will use a mixed-methods approach for the study in the Tiko and Buea health districts. It entails gathering extensive data via: Focused group discussions, surveys, interviews, and scenario observations. To enable a direct comparison of results, one district will act as the intervention group and receive the YoFA training, while the other will act as the control group. To obtain a variety of viewpoints on the program, researchers will interview a large number of participants, including parents, educators, students, and administrators. Participants will complete customized surveys, which will be analyzed using Dedoose and R software to examine qualitative data from observations and interviews. Expectations of this study include: Identifying barriers to making first aid instruction for children 10 to 14 years old successful, creating solutions to deal with these issues that have been identified. Moreover, to see if YoFA participants' first aid skills have improved, including their capacity to stay safe in an emergency, call for help, and offer prompt assistance (such as halting potentially fatal bleeding). All this, to increase youth access to first aid training, which will help them develop a culture of readiness and self-assurance in managing crises as they get older; hence building a growing first aid culture to handle prehospital care.

Conditions

Trauma/Injury Problem

Keywords

Trauma/injury First aid; secondary school children; Young First Aiders (YoFA)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Change in Knowledge on Injury and trauma first aid

  To help us determine the knowledge change before the training, immediately ater and 3 months after the training. A score was assigned to the pre- and post-tests on 24 points for the 24 knowledge, attitude and practice questions and converted to percentage. the change in knowledge from pre to post test is measured to see whether there was a change in first aid knowledge

  Baseline, 2 weeks and 3months

• Change in knowledge

  Determine the knowledge change before, immediately after and 3 months after the training. A score was assigned to the pre- and post-tests on 24 points for the 24 knowledge, attitude and practice questions and converted to percentage. the change in knowledge from pre to post test is measured to see whether there was a change in first aid knowledge

  Baseline, two weeks, and 3 months

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Number of Participants who used/ thought the the skills taught after the training were usable.

  End of the 3-month post-test.

Study Arms (1)

Training of Young First Aiders in secondary schools

EXPERIMENTAL

There is just one arm which has already been described. The control group will just be observed with no intervention given.

Other: Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children

Interventions

Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children OTHER

Training Young First Aiders in Early Secondary School Children with a pre-, immediate post- and final post-tests to determine knowledge change.

Training of Young First Aiders in secondary schools

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 10 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• For the Quantitative part
• Form one (1) to three (3) students (ages 10 to 14 years) in five (5) state secondary schools (SSS) in Tiko and Buea health districts who are willing to participate in the study.
• Students officially enrolled in the school for the academic year
• Those students whose parents consent for their children to be part of the study.
• For the Qualitative part
• Stakeholders within the educational care system - students, school teachers and school administrators (e.g., (Principals) community stakeholders (parents) who consent to be part of the study.
• Students whose parents give parental consent for their children to participate in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Any child who is not in forms 1 to 3 (10 to 14 years old) in the selected schools
• Any student who misses any of the training sessions
• Any student who willingly backs out of the study.
• Any child whose parents do not give parental consent for them to be part of the study

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Buea: lead
• Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

University of Buea

Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon

Location

Related Publications (10)

• Joseph N, Kumar G, Babu Y, Nelliyanil M, Bhaskaran U. Knowledge of first aid skills among students of a medical college in mangalore city of South India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Mar;4(2):162-6. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.129022.

  PMID: 24761231 BACKGROUND

• Brimmo FO, Babatunde AO, Ezefuna NN, Kanu MS, Biziyaremye P. The need for more medical schools in medically underserved regions in Africa. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 17;84:104967. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104967. eCollection 2022 Dec.

  PMID: 36426098 BACKGROUND

• Pellegrino JL, Charlton N, Goolsby C. "Stop the Bleed" Education Assessment Tool (SBEAT): Development and Validation. Cureus. 2020 Sep 21;12(9):e10567. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10567.

  PMID: 33101813 BACKGROUND

• De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraeten H, Clarysse M, Moens O, Vandekerckhove P. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation. 2015 Sep;94:8-22. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 18.

  PMID: 26093230 BACKGROUND

• Tse E, Plakitsi K, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. Teaching Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillation in Children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Sep 1;38(9):e1577. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002815. Epub 2022 Aug 9. No abstract available.

  PMID: 35947075 BACKGROUND

• De Buck E, Laermans J, Vanhove AC, Dockx K, Vandekerckhove P, Geduld H. An educational pathway and teaching materials for first aid training of children in sub-Saharan Africa based on the best available evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 3;20(1):836. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08857-5.

  PMID: 32493323 BACKGROUND

• Zideman DA, Singletary EM, Borra V, Cassan P, Cimpoesu CD, De Buck E, Djarv T, Handley AJ, Klaassen B, Meyran D, Oliver E, Poole K. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: First aid. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:270-290. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

  PMID: 33773828 BACKGROUND

• Olmos-Gomez MDC, Ruiz-Garzon F, Pais-Roldan P, Lopez-Cordero R. Teaching First Aid to Prospective Teachers as a Way to Promote Child Healthcare. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 25;9(4):367. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9040367.

  PMID: 33806034 BACKGROUND

• Scerbo MH, Holcomb JB, Taub E, Gates K, Love JD, Wade CE, Cotton BA. The trauma center is too late: Major limb trauma without a pre-hospital tourniquet has increased death from hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Dec;83(6):1165-1172. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001666.

  PMID: 29190257 BACKGROUND

• Pais-Roldan P, Del Carmen Olmos-Gomez M, Cuevas-Rincon JM, Luque-Suarez M. Study on the Attitudes and Knowledge of Teachers and Future Teachers about Immediate Health Care Measures at School. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2022 Jul 20;12(7):854-869. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe12070062.

  PMID: 35877462 BACKGROUND

Related Links

• Contains documents for information related to this protocol

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Accidental Injuries; Wounds and Injuries

Study Officials

• Alain Chichom Mefire, Professor of Surgery

  University of Buea

  STUDY CHAIR

• Ariane Christy Sabrinah, MD

  University of California

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: PhD fellow/Principal Investigator

Model Details: The intervention group will be trained on fundamental aspects of First Aid with a special focus on identifying and stopping life-threatening bleeds. The students will be trained in 4 groups of 20 students. Training will last 5 hours over 2 days, spread over 2 weeks. That is, once a week on the days during which they have a "half-day" of classes. Afterward, these will be followed up on a biweekly basis for 3 months before a final evaluation is made. We would also do an adapted system usability scale to see how usable the skills taught to the students were and the ease of use.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 21, 2025
• First Posted: August 7, 2025
• Study Start: December 11, 2024
• Primary Completion: May 28, 2025
• Study Completion: May 28, 2025
• Last Updated: August 7, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, ICF
• Time Frame: January 2025 to January 2026
• Access Criteria: Leaders of the scientific review committee for the journal that will be responsible for publishing results of the study. They will be able to access consent forms and questionnaires used for data collection upon sending a request to the PI for this information using the link that will be provided.

Locations

CA (1)