The Effect of Motor Imagery on Preventing Volleyball Players During Jumping and Landing

NCT07009080 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: sportsMI
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Although the effectiveness of motor imagery in improving performance in sports is known, there is no research on its preventive role against injuries. the primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of motor imagery on improving risk factors related to jumps and falls in volleyball players. The secondary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of motor imagery on cortical functions.

Conditions

Motor Imagery

Keywords

prevention; motor imagery; volleyball; sports medicine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (10)

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Hip Flexion During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Unilateral measurements were used. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Knee Flexion During Initial Contact.Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Unilateral measurement was used. During video recording, the athletes turned to their left side, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. This was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from the value at week 12.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Right Knee Varus Degree During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Left Knee Varus Degree During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Ankle Flexion During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Ankle flexion analysis was performed using unilateral measurements. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from baseline. Baseline and 12-week values were used. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Hip Flexion During Full Contact.Baseline and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. unilateral measurements were used. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Knee Flexion During Full Contact. Beselina and 12 Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Unilateral measurement was used in the knee flexion analysis. During video recording, athletes turned to their left side and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the 12-week value.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Right Knee Varus Degree During Full Contact: Baseline and 12. Weeks.

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Left Knee Varus Degree During Full Contact. Baseline and 12. Weeks

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Kinematic Analysis: Change in Ankle Flexion During Full Contact. Baseline and 12. Weeks.

  The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Ankle flexion analysis was performed using unilateral measurements. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from baseline. Baseline and 12-week values were used. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (16)

• Change in Cognitive Functions - Neurocognition Index. Baseline and 12. Weeks

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Change in Cognitive Functions - Composite Memory. Beseline and 12. Weeks

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Change in Cognitive Functions - Verbal Memory. Baseline and 12. Weeks

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Change in Cognitive Functions - Visual Memory. Baseline and 12. Weeks

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

• Change in Cognitive Functions - Psychomotor Speed. Baseline and 12. Weeks

  From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks

Study Arms (3)

solo training

EXPERIMENTAL

Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.

Other: motor imagery

group training

EXPERIMENTAL

Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.

Other: motor imagery

control training

NO INTERVENTION

Players only participate in evaluations

Interventions

motor imagery OTHER

The researcher will explain to the players what MI is and how it works. Following the explanation, players will seated in a comfortable armchair facing the researcher, will ask to minimize distracting thoughts, and to be as mindful as possible without speaking for five minutes, and to imagine themselves executing the correct angles during a landing.

group training; solo training

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• To be between the ages of 15 and 25,
• Not have an injury that affects the player's training program
• Play regularly for a professional team.

You may not qualify if:

• had lower extremity injury in the last two months
• who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Aydan Niziplioğlu: lead

Study Sites (1)

Fizyoostea

Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27000, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (15)

• Prasomsri J, Thueman B, Yuenyong P, Thongnoon C, Khophongphaibun N, Ariyawatcharin S. Effectiveness of motor imagery on sports performance in football players: A randomised control trial. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2024 Jun;44(1):29-37. doi: 10.1142/S1013702524500021. Epub 2023 Aug 25.

  PMID: 38577393 RESULT

• Deng N, Soh KG, Abdullah BB, Huang D. Does Motor Imagery Training Improve Service Performance in Tennis Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Mar 5;14(3):207. doi: 10.3390/bs14030207.

  PMID: 38540510 RESULT

• Ridderinkhof KR, Brass M. How Kinesthetic Motor Imagery works: a predictive-processing theory of visualization in sports and motor expertise. J Physiol Paris. 2015 Feb-Jun;109(1-3):53-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.02.003. Epub 2015 Mar 25.

  PMID: 25817985 RESULT

• Kotegawa K, Teramoto W. Association of executive function capacity with gait motor imagery ability and PFC activity: An fNIRS study. Neurosci Lett. 2022 Jan 1;766:136350. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136350. Epub 2021 Nov 13.

  PMID: 34785311 RESULT

• Zhang LL, Pi YL, Shen C, Zhu H, Li XP, Ni Z, Zhang J, Wu Y. Expertise-Level-Dependent Functionally Plastic Changes During Motor Imagery in Basketball Players. Neuroscience. 2018 Jun 1;380:78-89. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.050. Epub 2018 Apr 7.

  PMID: 29634999 RESULT

• Ruffino C, Papaxanthis C, Lebon F. Neural plasticity during motor learning with motor imagery practice: Review and perspectives. Neuroscience. 2017 Jan 26;341:61-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.023. Epub 2016 Nov 25.

  PMID: 27890831 RESULT

• Canepa P, Sbragi A, Saino F, Biggio M, Bove M, Bisio A. Thinking Before Doing: A Pilot Study on the Application of Motor Imagery as a Learning Method During Physical Education Lesson in High School. Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Oct 6;2:550744. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.550744. eCollection 2020.

  PMID: 33345114 RESULT

• Neilson V, Ward S, Hume P, Lewis G, McDaid A. Effects of augmented feedback on training jump landing tasks for ACL injury prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2019 Sep;39:126-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

  PMID: 31351340 RESULT

• Ghaderi M, Letafatkar A, Thomas AC, Keyhani S. Effects of a neuromuscular training program using external focus attention cues in male athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 May 8;13(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00275-3.

  PMID: 33964961 RESULT

• Milic V, Radenkovic O, Capric I, Mekic R, Trajkovic N, Spirtovic O, Konicanin A, Bratic M, Mujanovic R, Preljevic A, Muric B, Kahrovic I. Sports Injuries in Basketball, Handball, and Volleyball Players: Systematic Review. Life (Basel). 2025 Mar 24;15(4):529. doi: 10.3390/life15040529.

  PMID: 40283084 RESULT

• Kilic O, Maas M, Verhagen E, Zwerver J, Gouttebarge V. Incidence, aetiology and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017 Jul;17(6):765-793. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1306114. Epub 2017 Apr 9.

  PMID: 28391750 RESULT

• Wu CK, Lin YC, Lai CP, Wang HP, Hsieh TH. Dynamic Taping Improves Landing Biomechanics in Young Volleyball Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 21;19(20):13716. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013716.

  PMID: 36294294 RESULT

• McGuine TA, Post EG, Biese KM, Kliethermes S, Bell DR, Watson AM, Brooks A, Lang PJ. Incidence and Risk Factors for Injuries in Girls' High School Volleyball: A Study of 2072 Players. J Athl Train. 2023 Feb;58(2):177-184. doi: 10.4085/182-20. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

  PMID: 33150377 RESULT

• Skazalski C, Whiteley R, Sattler T, Kozamernik T, Bahr R. Knee, Low Back, and Shoulder Problems Among University and Professional Volleyball Players: Playing With Pain. J Athl Train. 2024 Jan 1;59(1):81-89. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0476.22.

  PMID: 36913632 RESULT

• Reeser JC, Gregory A, Berg RL, Comstock RD. A Comparison of Women's Collegiate and Girls' High School Volleyball Injury Data Collected Prospectively Over a 4-Year Period. Sports Health. 2015 Nov-Dec;7(6):504-10. doi: 10.1177/1941738115600143. Epub 2015 Aug 10.

  PMID: 26502443 RESULT

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Aydan Niziplioğlu
• Organization: Hacettepe University

fzt.niziplioglu@gmail.com

+903123052525

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: MSc.Physiotherapist

Model Details: randomized controlled

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 27, 2025
• First Posted: June 6, 2025
• Study Start: June 9, 2025
• Primary Completion: October 9, 2025
• Study Completion: October 15, 2025
• Last Updated: April 29, 2026
• Results First Posted: April 29, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)