Impact of Self-Management Strategies in Self-Reported Bruxism

NCT06914388 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 020-5790
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 35
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aim to evaluate the effects of a 6-week self-management program on pain, muscle stiffness, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) functions in sedentary individuals aged 18-40 with bruxism. Thirty-five individuals will be evaluated. Bruxism will be assessed using the Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire, while temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) will be evaluated using the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index and the Fonseca Questionnaire. Masseter muscle pain threshold will be measured with a digital algometer, muscle stiffness with a Shore Durometer, mandibular depression range of motion with a bicondylar caliper, and TMJ proprioception with TMJ position sense. Assessments will be conducted pre-intervention and at the end of the fourth week.

Conditions

Bruxism; Self-management; Pain; Proprioception; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Keywords

Bruxism; Self-Management Strategies; Proprioception; Muscle Stiffness; Pain; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Bruxism Assessment

  Bruxism will be assessed using self-reports, which are considered appropriate for both clinical and research purposes. Awake bruxism will be diagnosed based on participants' self-awareness, determined by asking whether they had noticed clenching or grinding their teeth while awake in the past six months. Individuals who respond affirmatively will be classified as having awake bruxism. Sleep bruxism will be diagnosed using the 2014 criteria established by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Participants will be asked whether they frequently noticed teeth grinding during sleep, will be informed of it by others, or observed excessive tooth wear. Additionally, they will be questioned about symptoms upon waking, such as jaw fatigue, tension, or pain; sensations of clenching or pain in the mouth; temple pain; difficulty opening the mouth; tension in the jaw joint requiring movement to release; or clicking sounds in the jaw joint that disappear afterward.

  8 weeks

• Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

  Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) will be evaluated using the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index (HCDI). This instrument is considered valid and reliable measures of TMJD. The scoring system categorises participants into four groups: no clinical symptoms (score 0), mild TMJD (scores 1-4), moderate TMJD (scores 5-9), and severe TMJD (scores 10-25)

  8 weeks

• Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

  Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) will be evaluated using the Fonseca Questionnaire. This instrument is considered valid and reliable measures of TMJD. Participants will be instructed to respond to each question as 'yes' (10 points), 'no' (0 points), or 'sometimes' (5 points). The questionnaire results will be classified as no TMJD (0-15), mild TMJD (20-40), moderate TMJD (45-65), and severe TMJD (70-100) based on the responses provided by the participants.

  8 weeks

• Masseter Muscle Pain Threshold Measurement

  The pain threshold of the masseter muscle will be assessed bilaterally over the muscle belly using a JTECH Commander digital algometer. Three measurements will be taken from the muscle belly, and the average value will be calculated. Participants will be instructed to indicate the moment they first perceived pain, and the value will be display on the device will be recorded as the pain threshold in pounds. Higher scores indicate better pain threshold.

  8 weeks

• Masseter Muscle Stiffness

  The stiffness of the masseter muscle will be assessed using a Shore Durometer OO (M\&A Instruments Inc., United States), a handheld device designed for convenient and non-invasive measurement of muscle stiffness. The durometer evaluates tissue properties by measuring oscillations generated through mechanical contact with the assessed muscle. Measurements will be performed bilaterally over the belly of the masseter muscle during both resting and maximum contraction states. Each measurement will be repeated three times, and the average values will be recorded in Newtons per meter.

  8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Temporomandibular Joint Position Sense

  8 weeks

• Mandibular Depression Range of Motion

  8 weeks

Study Arms (1)

Self-Management

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were recruited from individuals seeking treatment at a physiotherapy clinic.

Other: Self-Management Strategies

Interventions

Self-Management Strategies OTHER

Stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, massage, relaxing exercises, breathing exercises, patient education

Self-Management

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Adults aged 18 to 40 years
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Clinical diagnosis of sleep and/or awake bruxism

You may not qualify if:

• Significant musculoskeletal disorders of the cervical or thoracic spine
• Chronic illnesses
• Neurological conditions affecting balance and postural control
• Pregnancy
• The presence of dental prostheses
• Participants who missed more than 15 sessions

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Cyprus International University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Turkey

Mersin, Lefkosa, 99040, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (6)

• Mesko ME, Hutton B, Skupien JA, Sarkis-Onofre R, Moher D, Pereira-Cenci T. Therapies for bruxism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol). Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 13;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0397-z.

  PMID: 28086992 BACKGROUND

• Micoogullari M, Yuksel I, Angin S. Efficacy of scapulothoracic exercises on proprioception and postural stability in cranio-cervico-mandibular malalignment: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2024;37(4):883-896. doi: 10.3233/BMR-230323.

  PMID: 38427467 BACKGROUND

• Winocur E, Uziel N, Lisha T, Goldsmith C, Eli I. Self-reported bruxism - associations with perceived stress, motivation for control, dental anxiety and gagging. J Oral Rehabil. 2011 Jan;38(1):3-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02118.x.

  PMID: 20557433 BACKGROUND

• Koyano K, Tsukiyama Y, Ichiki R, Kuwata T. Assessment of bruxism in the clinic. J Oral Rehabil. 2008 Jul;35(7):495-508. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01880.x.

  PMID: 18557916 BACKGROUND

• Manfredini D, Bucci MB, Sabattini VB, Lobbezoo F. Bruxism: overview of current knowledge and suggestions for dental implants planning. Cranio. 2011 Oct;29(4):304-12. doi: 10.1179/crn.2011.045.

  PMID: 22128671 BACKGROUND

• Feu D, Catharino F, Quintao CC, Almeida MA. A systematic review of etiological and risk factors associated with bruxism. J Orthod. 2013 Jun;40(2):163-71. doi: 10.1179/1465313312Y.0000000021.

  PMID: 23794697 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Bruxism; Pain; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Tooth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Habits; Behavior; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Craniomandibular Disorders; Mandibular Diseases; Jaw Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Joint Diseases; Muscular Diseases

Study Officials

• Salih Angın, Prof. Dr.

  Cyprus International University

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: All treatments were administered by the same physiotherapist. All assessments were carried out by a physiotherapist who was blinded to the treatment.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Asst. Prof. Dr.

Model Details: Interventional Study

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 28, 2025
• First Posted: April 6, 2025
• Study Start: July 3, 2024
• Primary Completion: August 20, 2024
• Study Completion: February 17, 2025
• Last Updated: April 6, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)