Reward Effects on Cognition, Motor Skills, and Motivation in Children

NCT06798337 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Lithuanian Sports University
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 67
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This interventional study aimed to aimed to evaluate the effects of rewards on cognitive function, motor skills, and motivation in 8- to 10-year-old children with ADHD following 3- and 6-week interventions.

Conditions

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Keywords

attention; motor skills; motivation; reward-based therapy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Static balance

  was assessed with The Abili Balance Analyzer platform. The software associated with the platform provided an overall stability index based on the tests conducted: Very Good: 0.8; Good: 0.8 to 1.8; Poor: \>1.8.

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

• Attention task with spatial numbers

  Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

• Attention task with spatial figures

  Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

• Easy figural memory task

  Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

• Hard figural memory task

  Number of mistakes and Speed coefficient was recorded.

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

• Visuo-Constructional Ability task

  Number of successful attempts and duration (in seconds) was recorded

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Pediatric motivation Scale (PMot)

  At baseline and after 6 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Conventional outpatient PT group (n=30).

EXPERIMENTAL

Conventional outpatient PT group received typical physical exercises with duration of 6 weeks

Other: Conventional Physiotherapy group

Reward-based PT group

EXPERIMENTAL

This group received reward based virtual reality exercises with duration of 6 weeks. Reward was extra exercises using virtual reality

Other: Reward based physiotherapy group

Interventions

Conventional Physiotherapy group OTHER

Participants in the regular physical therapy group performed balance and coordination exercises three times a week without the use of rewards. These subjects completed only physical exercises, without engaging in game-like interactive tasks using virtual reality (VR) glasses. Each session was conducted at the same time for each subject, with a potential variation of ±1 hour.

Conventional outpatient PT group (n=30).

Reward based physiotherapy group OTHER

Subjects in the reward group performed balance and coordination exercises three times a week, with the inclusion of rewards. At the end of each exercise session, participants engaged in game-like interactive tasks using virtual reality (VR) glasses. Exercise sessions were conducted at the same time for each subject, with a permissible variation of ±1 hour.

Reward-based PT group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 8 Years - 10 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Boys were invited to participate in the study.
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by a neurologist;
• male gender;
• age between 8 and 10 years.
• ability to read and write;
• patient's willingness to attend physiotherapy sessions;

You may not qualify if:

• claustrophobia;
• neurological disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome);
• chronic medical conditions (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases);
• previous treatment for ADHD (e.g., pharmacological therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy) within the last six months;
• Medication use.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Lithuanian Sports University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Department of health promotion and rehabilitation

Kaunas, 44221, Lithuania

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Vilma VD Dudoniene, PhD

  Lithuanian Sports University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Vilma Dudoniene, PhD

  Lithuanian Sports University

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Masking Details: Reword group did not know about conventional PT group and vice versa.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: assoc. prof. dr.

Model Details: Qualitative research

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 15, 2025
• First Posted: January 29, 2025
• Study Start: January 15, 2023
• Primary Completion: January 15, 2024
• Study Completion: May 15, 2024
• Last Updated: August 29, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

LI (1)