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Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) pain score during movement
Numeric Rating Scale, this scale is a validated tool for measuring pain intensity, with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most severe pain imaginable).The higher the score, the more severe the pain.
24 hours postoperatively, which is half an hour after the completion of the second cheek acupuncture treatment

Secondary Outcomes (10)

the proportion of patients with NRS pain score ≥ 6
24 hours postoperatively, which is half an hour after the completion of the second cheek acupuncture treatment
NRS pain score during movement
morning of the day of discharge (assessed up 7 days)
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A
morning of the day of discharge (assessed up 7 days)
HADS-D score
morning of the day of discharge (assessed up 7 days)
ISI score
morning of the day of discharge (assessed up 7 days)
+5 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Cheek Acupuncture group

EXPERIMENTAL

Each patient in the cheek acupuncture group received cheek acupuncture therapy as a supplement to the postoperative patient-controlled analgesia pump. The selected cheek acupuncture points included four bilateral points for the neck, back, waist, and sacrum, as well as four abdominal holographic points, totaling eight points. Cheek acupuncture procedure: The patient was placed in a supine position, and the acupoint skin was routinely disinfected. Acupuncture needles of 0.15mm by 15mm were used, inserted quickly and vertically to a depth of 10 to 15mm without seeking the sensation of "qi" arrival. The needles were left in place for 30 minutes and then removed, followed by applying a cotton ball to press on the needle holes for a moment. The intervention was conducted twice, each time for 30 minutes, with the first session immediately after completing the anesthesia operation and the second session at 23.5 hours postoperatively.

Procedure: cheek acupunctureDrug: sufentanil 2 µg/kg + ondansetron 0.2 mg/kg

Control group

SHAM COMPARATOR

The control group used only a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump for postoperative pain relief. The pump contained 2 micrograms per kilogram of sufentanil and 0.2 milligrams per kilogram of ondansetron, with a total volume of 100 milliliters. The pump was set to deliver a continuous infusion of 2 milliliters per hour, with the option for patients to self-administer an additional 2-milliliter bolus dose as needed, with a minimum interval of 15 minutes between doses. If the primary analgesic measures were insufficient to control pain, diclofenac sodium suppositories were provided as rescue analgesia, based on patient needs. The use of these suppositories was based on individual patient pain assessments and the need for additional pain relief.

Interventions

cheek acupunctureProcedure

Cheek Acupuncture

Cheek Acupuncture group

sufentanil 2 µg/kg + ondansetron 0.2 mg/kgDrug

The patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump held a solution of 2 µg/kg sufentanil and 0.2 mg/kg ondansetron in 100 ml. It infused 2 ml/hour continuously, allowing patients to self-administer an extra 2 ml bolus every 15 minutes if needed. For inadequate pain control, diclofenac sodium suppositories were used as rescue analgesia, depending on individual pain assessments and the requirement for extra relief.

Registry intervention entries

These entries preserve how the registry describes the intervention. Their treatment roles are shown separately from molecular identities.

Grouped treatment entry

sufentanil 2 µg/kg + ondansetron 0.2 mg/kg

The registry names several treatments. This does not confirm that participants received them together or that they form a single product.

View registry record

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Agnosia

Interventions

SufentanilOndansetron

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Perceptual DisordersNeurobehavioral ManifestationsNeurologic ManifestationsNervous System DiseasesSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

FentanylPiperidinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Effectiveness of Cheek Acupuncture Therapy for Pain Control After Cesarean Delivery

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Study Timeline

First Submitted

Study Start

First Posted

Primary Completion

Study Completion

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Secondary Outcomes (10)

Study Arms (2)

Cheek Acupuncture group

Control group

Interventions

Registry intervention entries

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Interventions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Named ingredients in these interventions

You may not qualify if:

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Related Scientific Literature

Study Timeline

First Submitted

Study Start

First Posted

Primary Completion

Study Completion

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Secondary Outcomes (10)

Study Arms (2)

Cheek Acupuncture group

Control group

Interventions

Registry intervention entries

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Interventions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Named ingredients in these interventions

You may not qualify if:

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations