Boxing, Taekwondo and Elastic Band Training on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Older Women

NCT06780020 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 29-2022
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The objective of this clinical trial is to compare the effect of three physical interventions (Taekwondo, Boxing, and Elastic Band Training) on body composition and physical performance in older Chilean women. The main questions this study aims to answer are: How do Taekwondo, Boxing, and Elastic Band Training affect body composition (body fat percentage and fat-free mass)? What improvements are observed in physical performance (grip strength, balance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) with each intervention? Researchers will compare the effects of these three interventions to determine which offers the greatest benefits for body composition and physical performance. Participants will: Perform Taekwondo, Boxing, or Elastic Band Training twice a week for 8 weeks. Be assessed for morphological and physical performance variables before and after the intervention period. Participate in supervised training sessions at local sports centers. This study aims to provide solid evidence on the efficacy of different physical interventions in improving the physical health of older women, helping to define more effective and accessible training strategies.

Conditions

Older People; Sports; Martial Arts

Keywords

Aging; Physical Functional; sports combat

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (7)

• Bipedal height

  Bipedal height was measured using a stadiometer (Seca model 220, SECA, Hamburg,Germany; accuracy to 0.1 cm).

  8 weeks

• Body weight

  body weight was calculated using a mechanical scale(Scale-tronix, Chicago, IL, USA; accuracy to 0.1 kg) while wearing the barest minimum of clothing.

  8 weeks

• Thirty-Second Chair Stand (30-s chair stand)

  The 30-s chair stand test counts the number of repetitions performed while sitting on the chair, with arms resting on the chest, for thirty seconds. It was designed to assess the muscular strength of the lower limbs. After three attempts with a recovery of 120 s between each, the best of the three efforts was attained.

  8 weeks

• Timed Up-and-Go (TUG)

  The TUG test was carried out in accordance with previous recommendations. The person must get out of an arm-supported chair, travel a 3-m hallway, turn around, and return to the chair. They must swiftly record the best of three trials after completing them. Two assessors recorded the time using single-beam photocells (Brower Timing System, Draper, UT, USA); the best three attempts were statistically analyzed.

  8 weeks

• Sit-and-Reach Test

  Utilizing the sit-and-reach test, flexibility was assessed. Subjects were seated forward in a chair with a fixed back, one leg bent on the floor and the other left straight. The left or right leg may be used to run comfortably; however, the post-test measured the same leg as the pre-test. After correcting the position once again, the case of another bent leg evaluates flexibility by executing two attempts using the higher number to determine the result.

  8 weeks

• Back scratch

  For the Back Scratch Test, the participant placed one hand on the shoulder and one hand towards the middle of the back maintaining the position. The evaluator measured the amount of cm (+ or -) between the extended ring fingers of both hands.

  8 weeks

• 2-min Step Test

  Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 2-min step test. Participants were instructed to stand straight, and the middle distance between the patella and pelvic bones was marked on a wall with colored tape. Participants stepped in a manner where their knees were raised above the marked spot, and the number of repetitions within 2 min was recorded.

  8 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Taekwondo group

EXPERIMENTAL

The TKD program was non-contact exercises (main part), which were broken up into 10 min of fundamental positions and particular technical foundations with the upper body (blocks and strikes) and 20 min of lower body technical foundations (movement, positions, and kicks), performed individually and in pairs with and without the use of taekwondo impact pads and shields; also, specific choreographies or poomsae (Kibom Poomsae and Il Jang) were performed for 10 min. During the first two weeks of training, three sets of eight repetitions of specific upper and lower limb technical fundamentals were performed, with a two-minute rest between sets . Weeks 3 to 5 saw an increase in volume, to four sets of eight repetitions for specific technical fundamentals, with a two-minute rest between sets. The sets were maintained at four during weeks 6, while the number of repetitions was increased to 12. Finally, the rest period was reduced to 90 s between weeks 7 and 8, while maintaining th

Other: Effects of different interventions using taekwondo

Boxing

EXPERIMENTAL

For the BOX program, non-contact exercises were performed, during the main part of the class participants learned basic guard position movements, execution of isolated punches, and punch combinations. Rope jumping techniques were taught, including the swinging and rope jumping movement, ending with mental performance stimulation exercises such as breathing techniques, visualization and mental rehearsal, goal setting, and self-talk. The specific elements of each class varied beyond the 4 weeks, with a progression from learning simple exercises and simple drills and "fundamentals" to learning more complex movements and combinations. During the first two weeks of training, three sets of eight repetitions of basic movements and isolated punching techniques were performed with a two-minute rest between sets. Weeks 3 to 5 saw an increase in volume, to four sets of eight repetitions incorporating the execution of punch combinations (3 to 4 punches), with a two-minute rest between s

Other: Effects of different interventions using boxing

Elastic band

EXPERIMENTAL

The EBT program is based on previous studies that demonstrated that it is safe and effective for older people. Using the TheraBand® elastic band system (Hygenic Corporation, Akron, OH, USA), participants started with a 10 min warm-up with joint mobility and low-intensity aerobic exercises. The colors of the elastic bands (yellow, red, green, blue, black, silver, and gold), each corresponding to a specific tension range, were used to indicate the training loads. The OMNI Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES) was used to monitor resistance training intensity, which ranged from moderate to vigorous (5 to 8 points). Six upper limb muscle strength exercises were done (pull-up, pullback, shoulder abduction, biceps curl, triceps, forearm) and 6 for the lower limbs (leg press, ankle eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, knee flexion, and hip flexion). The older women started with the lowest resistance (yellow color), achieving a 10-repetition maximum (10 RM) of an upper an

Other: Effects of different interventions using Elastic Band

Interventions

Effects of different interventions using boxing OTHER

The programs were designed to consist of 8 weeks (16 sessions) with a warm-up consisting of joint mobility and low-intensity aerobic activities, a 40-minute core component BOX and a 10-minute cool-down with static flexibility exercises.

Also known as: BOXING

Boxing

Effects of different interventions using taekwondo OTHER

The programs were designed to consist of 8 weeks (16 sessions) with a warm-up consisting of joint mobility and low-intensity aerobic activities, a 40-minute core component TKD and a 10-minute cool-down with static flexibility exercises.

Also known as: Taekwondo

Taekwondo group

Effects of different interventions using Elastic Band OTHER

The programs were designed to consist of 8 weeks (16 sessions) with a warm-up consisting of joint mobility and low-intensity aerobic activities, a 40-minute core component Elastic Band and a 10-minute cool-down with static flexibility exercises.

Also known as: Elastic Band

Elastic band

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 60 Years+
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• women between 60 and 65 years of age
• who demonstrated the ability to understand and execute instructions in a contextualized manner through basic directives
• who were independent, according to a score of at least 43 points on the Chilean Ministry of Health's Preventive Medicine Examination for Older Adults
• who met the requirement of attendance at the intervention of at least 85%.

You may not qualify if:

• having a disability
• undergoing physical rehabilitation or having musculoskeletal injuries that prevent them from performing their usual physical activities.
• being permanently or temporarily unable to participate in physical activities.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Universidad Católica del Maule: lead
• Universidad Católica del Maule (UCM, Chile): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Universidad Católica del Maule

Talca, Maule Region, 3465548, Chile

Location

Study Officials

• Pablo Valdes-Badilla, Doctor

  Universidad Cátolica del Maule

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: In this study there is a randomized controlled trial, repeated measures, double-blinded participants and evaluators, and a quantitative approach for three parallel groups: BOX group, TKD group and EBT group.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2025
• First Posted: January 17, 2025
• Study Start: April 4, 2024
• Primary Completion: October 7, 2024
• Study Completion: December 5, 2024
• Last Updated: January 17, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CL (1)