The Effect of Hand Massage on Pain, Anxiety, Fear and Nausea After Surgery in Children

NCT06756529 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Fatma
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 107
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study was conducted to determine the effect of hand massage on postoperative anxiety, pain, fear, and nausea and vomiting after pediatric surgery. This is a randomized, controlled experimental study. The sample consisted of 107 sick children who underwent ingunial hernia surgery (control: 55; experimental: 52). Hand massage was applied to the sick children in the experimental group the day before the surgery, on the morning of the surgery and after the surgery.

Conditions

Hand Massage; Pain; Anxiety; Fear; Nausea-vomiting; Child; Nurse

Keywords

hand massage; pain; anxiety; fear; nausea-vomiting; child; nurse

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (12)

• State-Trait Anxiety Scale

  This scale, consisting of 20 items, aims to evaluate the relationship of parameters such as tension, uneasiness, anxiety, and irritability with state anxiety. If the child indicates the presence of these parameters as 'a lot', 3 points are given, if the child indicates 'little', 2 points are given, and if the child indicates that they are not present at all, 1 point is given. The total score obtained from each scale is between 20-80.

  one day before surgery

• State-Trait Anxiety Scale

  This scale, consisting of 20 items, aims to evaluate the relationship of parameters such as tension, uneasiness, anxiety, and irritability with state anxiety. If the child indicates the presence of these parameters as 'a lot', 3 points are given, if the child indicates 'little', 2 points are given, and if the child indicates that they are not present at all, 1 point is given. The total score obtained from each scale is between 20-80.

  the morning of surgery

• State-Trait Anxiety Scale

  This scale, consisting of 20 items, aims to evaluate the relationship of parameters such as tension, uneasiness, anxiety, and irritability with state anxiety. If the child indicates the presence of these parameters as 'a lot', 3 points are given, if the child indicates 'little', 2 points are given, and if the child indicates that they are not present at all, 1 point is given. The total score obtained from each scale is between 20-80.

  1st day after surgery

• Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale

  It contains a total of 6 facial expressions. Scoring is made between zero and five. "I have no pain", "I have mild pain", "I have moderate pain", "I have a lot of pain", "I have severe pain" and "I have severe pain" and "I have no pain" corresponding to each score, starting from the low score. With the expressions "I have very severe pain", the facial expression shape that is close to the patient's facial expression is determined and scoring is made according to this determined shape.

  one day before surgery

• Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale

  It contains a total of 6 facial expressions. Scoring is made between zero and five. "I have no pain", "I have mild pain", "I have moderate pain", "I have a lot of pain", "I have severe pain" and "I have severe pain" and "I have no pain" corresponding to each score, starting from the low score. With the expressions "I have very severe pain", the facial expression shape that is close to the patient's facial expression is determined and scoring is made according to this determined shape.

  the morning of surgery

• Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale

  It contains a total of 6 facial expressions. Scoring is made between zero and five. "I have no pain", "I have mild pain", "I have moderate pain", "I have a lot of pain", "I have severe pain" and "I have severe pain" and "I have no pain" corresponding to each score, starting from the low score. With the expressions "I have very severe pain", the facial expression shape that is close to the patient's facial expression is determined and scoring is made according to this determined shape.

  1st day after surgery

• Medical Fear Scale

  This scale is a three-choice Likert type scale. For each question on the scale, a person is asked to choose one of the options "I am not at all afraid (1), I am a little afraid (2), I am very afraid (3) and the scale score is calculated. The lowest score on the scale is 27 and the highest score is 87. Children with a score between "0-29" are considered as less afraid, children with a score between "29-58" are considered as slightly afraid, and children with a score between "58-87" are considered as very afraid.

  one day before surgery

• Medical Fear Scale

  This scale is a three-choice Likert type scale. For each question on the scale, a person is asked to choose one of the options "I am not at all afraid (1), I am a little afraid (2), I am very afraid (3) and the scale score is calculated. The lowest score on the scale is 27 and the highest score is 87. Children with a score between "0-29" are considered as less afraid, children with a score between "29-58" are considered as slightly afraid, and children with a score between "58-87" are considered as very afraid.

  the morning of surgery

• Medical Fear Scale

  This scale is a three-choice Likert type scale. For each question on the scale, a person is asked to choose one of the options "I am not at all afraid (1), I am a little afraid (2), I am very afraid (3) and the scale score is calculated. The lowest score on the scale is 27 and the highest score is 87. Children with a score between "0-29" are considered as less afraid, children with a score between "29-58" are considered as slightly afraid, and children with a score between "58-87" are considered as very afraid.

  1st day after surgery

• Baxter Nausea Facial Expressions Scale (BARF Scale)

  This scale, consisting of 6 different facial expressions, is evaluated between 0-10 points and there are two points between each facial expression.

  one day before surgery

• Baxter Nausea Facial Expressions Scale (BARF Scale)

  This scale, consisting of 6 different facial expressions, is evaluated between 0-10 points and there are two points between each facial expression.

  the morning of surgery

• Baxter Nausea Facial Expressions Scale (BARF Scale)

  This scale, consisting of 6 different facial expressions, is evaluated between 0-10 points and there are two points between each facial expression.

  1st day after surgery

Study Arms (2)

experimental group

EXPERIMENTAL

group receiving hand massage

Other: hand massage

control group

NO INTERVENTION

Group without hand massage

Interventions

hand massage OTHER

Hand massage was applied to the patients before surgery, on the morning of surgery and after surgery.

Also known as: experimental group

experimental group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 7 Years - 12 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Are between the ages of 7-12,
• Pediatric patients who are scheduled for ingunial hernia surgery,
• Volunteers to participate in the research,
• Those whose families agree to participate in the research
• No communication problems (vision, hearing, mental),
• For patients in the experimental group; All patients who did not have an infectious disease on the hand skin (shingles, fungus, eczema, warts, calluses), local infection (abscess, etc.), open lesion/wound, scar tissue, edema, hematoma, recent fracture or dislocation were included in the sample.

You may not qualify if:

• Being outside the 7-12 age range,
• Pediatric patients for whom ingunial hernia surgery is not planned,
• Those who do not volunteer to participate in the research,
• The family does not agree to participate in the research
• Having communication problems
• For patients in the experimental group, patients with infectious diseases, lesions, open wounds, hematomas, fractures-dislocations on the skin of the hands were not included in the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Fatma Akıl: lead

Study Sites (1)

Ataturk University

Erzurum, Palandöken, 25000, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain; Anxiety Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Mental Disorders

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: principal investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 24, 2024
• First Posted: January 3, 2025
• Study Start: July 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2024
• Study Completion: July 1, 2024
• Last Updated: January 3, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)