Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain

NCT06751719 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Hatoma Fatima Malik
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 38
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Numerous studies have emphasized the debilitating effects of chronic low back pain (CLBP), which persists for over 12 weeks and impacts approximately 20% of the global population. The etiology of CLBP encompasses various factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, diminished muscle strength, poor neuromuscular control of deep trunk muscles, and compromised proprioception, all contributing to lumbar spine strain. These factors result in limitations in essential daily activities, significantly diminishing the overall quality of life. Continued exploration in this field is essential to furthering our understanding of managing chronic low back pain. Investigating alternative treatment approaches, such as proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises, contributes to expanding the range of solutions available for addressing this issue. Embracing a diverse array of interventions not only proves beneficial but also holds promise in providing long-term advantages for enhancing patients' overall well-being. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the combined effects of proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and calisthenic exercises, alongside core stabilization exercises, in alleviating chronic low back pain and their potential to enhance range of motion and diminish functional disability in individuals with CLBP in Lahore, Pakistan.

Conditions

Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)

Keywords

Chronic Low Back Pain; Calisthenic exercises; Proprioceptive exercises; Kinesthetic exercises; Disability

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)

  A numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) would be used to assess the patient's pain measure for chronic low back pain before and after exercises. This 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). The NPRS has a validity of 0.86 to 0.95 and a reliability of 0.96.

  baseline, after 4 weeks

• inclinometer

  An inclinometer would be used to measure the range of motion for the lumbar spine. The inclinometer for lumbar ROM has a reliability of 0.97.

  baseline, after 4 weeks

• Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version)

  Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version) would be used to assess the patient's functional disability for chronic low back pain at 0 weeks and then at 4 weeks. The modified ODI has a reliability of 0.90. For each question, 0 points is the minimum, and 5 points is the maximum. Add up the total score for 10 questions.

  baseline, after 4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Group A

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This control group will only participate in core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week.

Other: core stabilization exercises; Other: heat therapy

Group B

EXPERIMENTAL

This intervention group will consist of participants who will engage in proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises along with core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week.

Other: core stabilization exercises; Other: heat therapy; Other: proprioceptive exercises; Other: calisthenic exercises; Other: kinesthetic exercises

Interventions

core stabilization exercises OTHER

The core exercises would be held for 7 to 8 seconds, repeated 10 times, and rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1 minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. Abdominal hollowing 2. Supine extension bridge 3. Partial Curls

Group A; Group B

heat therapy OTHER

The heat therapy would be applied to the lumbar region for 10 minutes.

Group A; Group B

proprioceptive exercises OTHER

The proprioceptive exercises will include rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1-minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. One leg balance - 10 seconds hold time with 3 repetitions 2. Forward leg swings - 15 swings 3. Sideways leg swings - 15 swings

Group B

calisthenic exercises OTHER

The calisthenic exercises will include: 1. Abductor's leg raise for 10 repetitions 2. Prone leg extension for 10 repetitions 3. Alternate toe touch for 10 repetitions

Group B

kinesthetic exercises OTHER

The kinesthetic exercises will have 1 minute rest in between exercises. These exercises will include: 1. Toe walking for 20 meters distance 2. Heel walking for 20 meters distance

Group B

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 25 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Minimum 3 months or above LBP
• Moderate pain (NPRS: 3-7)
• Disability score of 19% or greater as evident from the modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ)

You may not qualify if:

• History of inflammatory joint diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
• History of neurological deficit e.g. paresthesia, sensory loss, radiculopathy, myelopathy
• History of surgery related to spine, lower extremities, metal implants on lower extremities
• History of any mental illness
• Subjects on medication e.g. antidepressants, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory medications
• Other conditions include peripheral vascular diseases, recent fractures including lower limb or spine, osteoporosis, spine or other joint deformities, brain injuries, neuromuscular disorders, and respiratory diseases
• Pregnancy

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Riphah International University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Riphah Rehab Training and Research Center

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54760, Pakistan

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Diathermy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hyperthermia, Induced; Therapeutics

Study Officials

• Syed Shakil ur Rehman, PhD

  Riphah International University, Lahore

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Hatoma Fatima Malik, DPT

  Riphah International University, Lahore

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 20, 2024
• First Posted: December 30, 2024
• Study Start: July 15, 2024
• Primary Completion: December 30, 2024
• Study Completion: January 30, 2025
• Last Updated: June 15, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PA (1)