Effects of Band Exercises Added to the Warm-Up on Shooting and Viscoelastic Properties of Muscles in Handball Players

NCT06685666 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: MarmaraU-AYDOGDU-OZCELİK001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Today's handball has become a fast and fluid handball that expects superior performance from athletes. The aim of handball is to put the ball into the opponent's goal, so one of the most important parameters of sports performance is shooting performance. Studies show that warm-up programs have a positive effect on sports performance. Warm-up programs are used to prevent possible injuries and to increase sports performance by increasing temperature and flexibility in muscle and connective tissue. Warm-up programs may also cause changes in muscle viscoelastic properties and thus affect performance. Recently, new approaches have begun to be used in warm-up programs. Some of these are warm-ups with a resistance tire, a medicine ball, and a weight vest. When the literature was examined, the effects of the warm-up program with resistance bands on adolescent handball players were generally examined in the lower extremity, but no study was found examining the effects on the upper extremity. For this reason, the study was designed to examine the effect of elastic band exercises applied to the upper extremity in addition to the traditional warm-up program on shooting performance in adolescent female handball players and the change in the viscoelastic properties of the upper extremity muscle groups. 30 female handball players with an age range of 12-18 years will participate in the research. Athletes will be divided into two equal groups as control and experimental groups in a controlled, randomized manner. The control group will be given a traditional warm-up program 6 days a week for 6 weeks. The experimental group will be given a traditional warm-up program under the same training conditions and additional elastic band exercises. In order to examine the effects of the warm-up programs to be applied in the chronic period, goal shooting, Modified Push Up test, Medicine Ball Throwing test, Upper Extremity Y Balance Test will be performed before training and at the 6th week and muscle viscoelastic properties will be evaluated. At the same time, in order to examine the acute effects, the goal shooting and muscle viscoelastic properties will be evaluated after the first warm-up training.The investigators hope that our study will help coaches and physiotherapists working in this field during the training process by ensuring the active use of a warm-up program with elastic bands in handball players.

Conditions

Healthy Athletes; Handball Players

Keywords

Handball player; Warm-Up Exercise; Elastic Band Exercise; Viscoelastic Proporties of Muscle; Shooting Performance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (12)

• Goal Shot (Shot Accuracy)

  In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

  before warm-up program

• Goal Shot (Shot Accuracy)

  In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

  Immediately after the first warm-up program

• Goal Shot (Shot Accuracy)

  In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

  six week later

• Analysis of Muscle-Tone Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  before warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle-Tone Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  Immediately after the first warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle-Tone Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  six week later

• Analysis of Muscle Stiffness Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  before warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle Stiffness Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  Immediately after the first warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle Stiffness Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded

  six week later

• Analysis of Muscle Elasticity Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  before warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle Elasticity Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  Immediately after the first warm-up program

• Analysis of Muscle Elasticity Evaluation Using a Myotonometer

  The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

  six week later

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Medicine Ball Throw Test

  before warm-up program

• Medicine Ball Throw Test

  six week later

• Upper Extremity Y Balance Test

  before warm-up programme

• Upper Extremity Y Balance Test

  six week later

• Modified Push Up Test

  before warm-up program

Study Arms (2)

traditional warm-up method specific to handball

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Traditional handball warm-up consists of dynamic and static warm-ups and passing and shooting drills.

Other: traditional warm-up method specific to handball

elastic band exercises added to the traditional warm-up method specific to handbal

EXPERIMENTAL

Elastic band exercises added to the traditional handball warm-up consists of exercises for the upper extremity muscles that are active during the throw.

Other: elastic band exercises added to the traditional warm-up

Interventions

traditional warm-up method specific to handball OTHER

The traditional warm-up program specific to handball consists of 6 basic sections: static stretching, aerobic work, dynamic mobility exercises, passes and crosses, shooting on goal and shooting according to position, and lasts 17 minutes in total.

traditional warm-up method specific to handball

elastic band exercises added to the traditional warm-up OTHER

The experimental group will be given elastic band exercises for 6 weeks after the static and dynamic exercises in the traditional warm-up and then continue with the warm-up with the ball. The exercise program was planned progressively. The exercises will be done in the first 3 weeks, 2 sets of 10 repetitions with a light resistance band. Then the exercises will be done in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with a medium resistance band. There are 8 band exercises in total.This exercise; Flexion and Extension Exercise in Diagonal Pattern, Internal and external rotation with the arm next to the body and the elbow in 90 degrees flexion, Internal and external rotation with the arm in 90 degrees abduction and the elbow in 90 degrees flexion, Scaption Exercise, Rowing, Biceps and Triceps (elbow flexion and extansion exercise), Wrist Flexors and Extensors (wrist flexion and extansion exercise).

elastic band exercises added to the traditional warm-up method specific to handbal

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 12 Years - 18 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• years old
• Female Gender
• Participating in active training at least 3-4 times a week
• Athletes who volunteer to participate in the study
• Having a license in handball

You may not qualify if:

• People with orthopedic, neurological or congenital problems
• Athletes with chronic illnesses
• People with upper extremity surgery history within the last year
• People with cognitive problems
• People with problems that will prevent the application of tests
• Having had a sports injury that would affect upper extremity shooting performance within the last six months

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Marmara University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Marmara University

Istanbul, Maltepe, 34854, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

Related Publications (6)

• Westrick RB, Miller JM, Carow SD, Gerber JP. Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Apr;7(2):139-47.

  PMID: 22530188 BACKGROUND

• Bauer J, Panzer S, Muehlbauer T. Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Nov 1;13(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00364-3.

  PMID: 34724988 BACKGROUND

• van den Tillaar R, Marques MC. Reliability of seated and standing throwing velocity using differently weighted medicine balls. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 May;27(5):1234-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182654a09.

  PMID: 22744301 BACKGROUND

• Stockbrugger BA, Haennel RG. Validity and reliability of a medicine ball explosive power test. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Nov;15(4):431-8.

  PMID: 11726253 BACKGROUND

• Gavronski G, Veraksits A, Vasar E, Maaroos J. Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes. Physiol Meas. 2007 Jun;28(6):625-37. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/6/002. Epub 2007 May 3.

  PMID: 17664617 BACKGROUND

• van den Tillaar R, Ettema G. Instructions emphasizing velocity, accuracy, or both in performance and kinematics of overarm throwing by experienced team handball players. Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Dec;97(3 Pt 1):731-42. doi: 10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.731.

  PMID: 14738333 BACKGROUND

Central Study Contacts

Physiotherapist Yağmur Özçelik

CONTACT

05532696136; yagmurozcelik1@outlook.com

Assistant Professor Onur Aydoğdu

CONTACT

05055377277; onur.aydogdu@marmara.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: SEQUENTIAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 7, 2024
• First Posted: November 12, 2024
• Study Start: September 30, 2024
• Primary Completion: November 15, 2024
• Study Completion: January 30, 2025
• Last Updated: November 12, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-09

Locations

TU (1)