Examining the Effect of Lateralization Imagery Training on EEG Brain Oscillations in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain

NCT06679335 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: BAU-AYSEGULBOSTAN-001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 34
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

In this study, it was planned to investigate the effectiveness of lateralization and imagery training in individuals with chronic neck pain. A total of 34 individuals, 17 with chronic neck pain and 17 healthy individuals between the ages of 18-65, will be included in the study. Individuals in each group will be treated with lateralization and imagery training for 4 weeks. Before treatment, individuals' cognitive states will be evaluated with neuropsychological tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Stroop test). Then, after completing the Motor Imagery Evaluation, Neck Pain Task Force Scale, Pain Severity, Kinesiophobia Evaluation, Neck Disability Evaluation, Proprioception Sense Test, Body Awareness Evaluation (Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire) and Evaluation of Compliance with the Treatment Program, EEG recording of the individuals will be performed. EEG recording will be performed and analyzed with Spontaneous EEG, Oddball Paradigm and Lateralization paradigm. After four weeks of treatment, all pre-treatment tests will be repeated and then the individuals will be taken again for EEG recording. Brain oscillations will be examined through EEG analysis before and after treatment, and the extent to which brain activities have changed and the possible effect of the treatment on brain activities will be investigated.

Conditions

Chronic Pain; Neck Pain

Keywords

Chronic Neck Pain; Lateralization Imagery Training; EEG Brain Oscillations; Proprioception; Body Awareness

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (9)

• Cognitive Status Assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment: MoCA)

  It will be used to evaluate the cognitive status of individuals and to exclude participants from the study. It is a test that aims to evaluate participants in 7 cognitive aspects such as attention, concentration, memory, language, calculation, spatial-visual skills, reasoning and orientation. It takes approximately ten minutes. The highest score that can be obtained from the test is 30. The cognitive level of the participant who scores 21 points or above is considered normal. Turkish validity-reliability study was conducted by Özdilek and Kenangil in 2014.

  Baseline

• Stroop test (quick)

  It is a cognitive control test consisting of three parts developed by J. R. Stroop in 1935. The Stroop task and related tests are considered the gold standard of attention measurements in the literature. In the first part of the test, subjects are presented with color names and asked to read them as quickly as possible. In the second part, you are asked to say the colors of dot clusters printed with colored ink as quickly as possible. In the third part, the students are asked to read the words written in ink of a different color than the name of the presented color as quickly (and loudly) as possible. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Karakaş et al. in 1999.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• Motor Imagery Assessment

  Made using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted by Dilek et al. It was made by. It consists of 3 subscales and a total of 12 items that evaluate external visual imagery, internal visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Each of the 12 tasks in the survey is first performed physically, then the participant returns to the starting position and imagery is performed according to the desired type of imagery. Scoring is made between 1 and 7, with "1 point: very difficult to see/feel, 7 points: very easy to see/feel." When calculating the score, internal visual imagery, external visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery scores are added separately, divided by 4 and averaged to obtain the score of each subscale.

  Baseline

• Pain Intensity

  Individuals' pain intensity will be evaluated subjectively with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This scale consists of a 10 cm linear line. The starting point of the line is 0, no pain; The endpoint of 10 is the worst pain ever experienced in life; 5 indicates moderate pain. People will be asked to numerically rate the severity of their pain on the scale.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• Kinesiophobia Assessment

  Fear of movement will be evaluated with the TAMPA kinesiophobia scale (TKÖ). TAS is a questionnaire consisting of 17 questions developed by Korietal in 1991 for musculoskeletal pain. This scale includes parameters for injury/re-injury and fear avoidance in activities related to . In this scale, each question was scored as (1 = disagree, 4 = strongly agree). While scoring, items 4, 8, 12 and 16 are reversed and then the total score is obtained. The person receives a total score between 17-68. The Turkish reliability of the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was conducted by Yılmaz et al.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• Evaluation of Neck Disability

  The extent to which individuals' chronic neck pain affects their daily living activities will be evaluated with the Neck Disability Index (NEI). The Turkish validity and reliability of the index was determined by Telci et al. The index, which evaluates subjective symptoms and activities of daily living, consists of a total of 10 sections (pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headache, concentration, work life, driving, sleep and leisure activities). There are 6 options for each section, ranging from 0 to 5 points. The total score varies between 0 and 50 (0: no disability; 50: maximum disability), and an increase in the total score indicates that the disability increases. In the evaluation in our study, the percentage of each score will be calculated to obtain an equal score distribution in case the patients do not answer some questions. 8 percent and below is considered "no excuse".

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• Proprioception Sense Test

  Cervical joint position error will be measured using the Dualer IQ digital inclinometer (J-Tech Medical, Midvale, UT, USA). Digital inclinometer spine assessment protocols are well established and approved by the American Medical Association. Digital inclinometer allows clinicians to evaluate range of motion and proprioception using dynamic inclinometry similar to that used in other goniometric protocols. Digital inclinometer has demonstrated test-retest reliability for measuring spinal range of motion.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• Body Awareness Assessment

  Individuals' neck awareness will be assessed with the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire. Developed by Benedict Wand, its Turkish validity and reliability were confirmed by Onan et al. Likert type assessing individual-specific altered perception (0 = I never/never feel like this, 1= I rarely feel like this, 2 = Sometimes, or some of the time I feel like this, 3 = I often feel like this, 4 = I always or most of the time feel like this) It is a simple survey. The survey asks individuals 9 questions, such as how they perceive their neck in relation to their body and how they perceive their body position.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

• EEG power in alpha, theta, beta band

  Evaluation of brain oscillations with EEG analysis.

  Baseline, and up to 4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Neck Pain Patients

EXPERIMENTAL

Other: Lateralization Imagery Training

Healty Controls

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Other: Lateralization Imagery Training

Interventions

Lateralization Imagery Training OTHER

Lateralization Imagery Training (LIE) is a form of implicit motor imagery that involves determining as accurately and quickly as possible whether an image of a body part belongs to the left or right side. It has been assumed that LIE performance differences reflect changes in central nervous system functioning, errors in judgment, and changes in bodily representations. It has been shown that LIE is a complex mental task that includes cognitive, sensory, motor and behavioral processes and can be associated with them. A study showed that there was a strong correlation between LIE and proprioception. Within the scope of our study, 3 weeks of training will be provided; Lateralization imagery training will be given every day for the first 2 weeks, and imagery training will be given 3 days a week in the 2nd and 3rd weeks. A total of 20 sessions of treatment will be applied, including 14 sessions of lateralization and 6 sessions of visualization training.

Healty Controls; Neck Pain Patients

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Between the ages of 18-65, having neck pain lasting more than 3 months,
• Speaks and understands the Turkish language at a sufficient level,
• Able to use telephone and computer,
• Being literate,
• Scored 21 or more on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, which evaluates the cognitive status of individuals,
• Reporting pain intensity as 30 mm or more on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),
• Individuals with level 3 according to the Neck Pain Task Force Scale will be included.
• Asymptomatic between the ages of 18-65,
• Individuals matched with the study group in terms of body mass index and age
• Do not feel neck or back pain that prevents them from normal activities,
• Those who have not previously received medical intervention or treatment for their neck problem,
• Being literate,
• Individuals who score 21 or above on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, which evaluates the cognitive status of individuals, will be included.

You may not qualify if:

• Have received physiotherapy treatment due to neck pain in the last 6 months,
• Those who have had neck surgery,
• Suspicion of malignant or systemic disease,
• Having a neurological disease or injury,
• Individuals with vertigo, nausea, visual disturbances will not be included.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Bahçeşehir University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bahcesehir Universty

Istanbul, BESIKTAS, 34353, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (50)

• Carvalho, R.Cd., Maglioni, C.B., Machado, G.B., Araújo, J.Ed., Silva, J.R.Td., Silva, M.Ld. 2018.

  BACKGROUND

• Genebra CVDS, Maciel NM, Bento TPF, Simeao SFAP, Vitta A. Prevalence and factors associated with neck pain: a population-based study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017 Jul-Aug;21(4):274-280. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 May 20.

  PMID: 28602744 BACKGROUND

• Hague M, Shenker N. How to investigate: Chronic pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Dec;28(6):860-74. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 May 23.

  PMID: 26096090 BACKGROUND

• Brumagne S, Diers M, Danneels L, Moseley GL, Hodges PW. Neuroplasticity of Sensorimotor Control in Low Back Pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Jun;49(6):402-414. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8489.

  PMID: 31151373 BACKGROUND

• Yam MF, Loh YC, Tan CS, Khadijah Adam S, Abdul Manan N, Basir R. General Pathways of Pain Sensation and the Major Neurotransmitters Involved in Pain Regulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 24;19(8):2164. doi: 10.3390/ijms19082164.

  PMID: 30042373 BACKGROUND

• Schwoebel J, Coslett HB, Bradt J, Friedman R, Dileo C. Pain and the body schema: effects of pain severity on mental representations of movement. Neurology. 2002 Sep 10;59(5):775-7. doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.5.775.

  PMID: 12221179 BACKGROUND

• Reddy RS, Tedla JS, Dixit S, Abohashrh M. Cervical proprioception and its relationship with neck pain intensity in subjects with cervical spondylosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 Oct 15;20(1):447. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2846-z.

  PMID: 31615495 BACKGROUND

• Treleaven J. Sensorimotor disturbances in neck disorders affecting postural stability, head and eye movement control. Man Ther. 2008 Feb;13(1):2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.06.003. Epub 2007 Aug 16.

  PMID: 17702636 BACKGROUND

• Treleaven J. Sensorimotor disturbances in neck disorders affecting postural stability, head and eye movement control--Part 2: case studies. Man Ther. 2008 Jun;13(3):266-75. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.11.002. Epub 2008 Jan 3.

  PMID: 18180194 BACKGROUND

• Peng B, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y. Cervical Proprioception Impairment in Neck Pain-Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):143-164. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00230-z. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

  PMID: 33464539 BACKGROUND

• Jeannerod, M. 1994. "The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery", Cambridge University Press, 187-202.

  BACKGROUND

• Hetu S, Gregoire M, Saimpont A, Coll MP, Eugene F, Michon PE, Jackson PL. The neural network of motor imagery: an ALE meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Jun;37(5):930-49. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.017. Epub 2013 Apr 10.

  PMID: 23583615 BACKGROUND

• Solodkin A, Hlustik P, Chen EE, Small SL. Fine modulation in network activation during motor execution and motor imagery. Cereb Cortex. 2004 Nov;14(11):1246-55. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhh086. Epub 2004 May 27.

  PMID: 15166100 BACKGROUND

• Osuagwu BA, Vuckovic A. Similarities between explicit and implicit motor imagery in mental rotation of hands: an EEG study. Neuropsychologia. 2014 Dec;65:197-210. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.029. Epub 2014 Oct 30.

  PMID: 25446966 BACKGROUND

• Moseley, G.L. 2012. "The Graded Motor Imagery Handbook", Noigroup publications, Australia.

  BACKGROUND

• Pelletier R, Bourbonnais D, Higgins J, Mireault M, Danino MA, Harris PG. Left Right Judgement Task and Sensory, Motor, and Cognitive Assessment in Participants with Wrist/Hand Pain. Rehabil Res Pract. 2018 Aug 26;2018:1530245. doi: 10.1155/2018/1530245. eCollection 2018.

  PMID: 30225144 BACKGROUND

• Elsig S, Luomajoki H, Sattelmayer M, Taeymans J, Tal-Akabi A, Hilfiker R. Sensorimotor tests, such as movement control and laterality judgment accuracy, in persons with recurrent neck pain and controls. A case-control study. Man Ther. 2014 Dec;19(6):555-61. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jun 10.

  PMID: 24957711 BACKGROUND

• Breckenridge, J., Ginn, K., Wallwork, S., McAuley, J. 2016. " Does Upper Limb Pain Affect the Left/Right Judgment Task? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", HAND, 2016(11), 136.

  BACKGROUND

• Adın, R.M., Kuru Ç.A. 2018. "Aşamalı Motor İmgeleme Yaklaşımı/Graded Motor Imagery Approach", In book: Fizyoterapi Seminerleri E Kitap, 17-23.

  BACKGROUND

• Osumi M, Sumitani M, Nishi Y, Nobusako S, Dilek B, Morioka S. Fear of movement-related pain disturbs cortical preparatory activity after becoming aware of motor intention. Behav Brain Res. 2021 Aug 6;411:113379. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113379. Epub 2021 May 26.

  PMID: 34051229 BACKGROUND

• Wolpaw JR, Loeb GE, Allison BZ, Donchin E, do Nascimento OF, Heetderks WJ, Nijboer F, Shain WG, Turner JN. BCI Meeting 2005--workshop on signals and recording methods. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2006 Jun;14(2):138-41. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2006.875583.

  PMID: 16792279 BACKGROUND

• Ozdilek B, Kenangil G. Validation of the Turkish Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA-TR) in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;28(2):333-43. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2014.881554. Epub 2014 Feb 17.

  PMID: 24528299 BACKGROUND

• Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.

  PMID: 15817019 BACKGROUND

• Manna, C.G., et al. 2011. Sayfa 392-304. "Benton Visual Retention Test in Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology", Editors: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. New York: Springer.

  BACKGROUND

• Stroop, J.R. 1935. "Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions", Journal of experimental psychology, 18, 643.

  BACKGROUND

• MacLeod, C.M. 1992. "The Stroop task: The

  BACKGROUND

• Karakaş, S., Irak, M., Ersezgin, Ö. 1998. "Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WCST) ve Stroop Testi TBAG formu puanlarının test içi ve testler-arası ilişkileri", X Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi özet kitabı, 44.

  BACKGROUND

• Dilek, B., Ayhan, C., Yakut, Y. 2020. "Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the movement imagery questionnaire-3: Its cultural adaptation and psychometric properties", Neurol Sci Neurophysiol, 37, 221-227.

  BACKGROUND

• Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD, Schubert J, Nygren A; Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders: executive summary. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S5-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181643f40. No abstract available.

  PMID: 18204400 BACKGROUND

• Downie WW, Leatham PA, Rhind VM, Wright V, Branco JA, Anderson JA. Studies with pain rating scales. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978 Aug;37(4):378-81. doi: 10.1136/ard.37.4.378.

  PMID: 686873 BACKGROUND

• Yılmaz, Ö.T., Yakut, Y., Uygur, F., Uluğ, N. 2011. "Tampa kinezyofobi ölçeği"nin Türkçe versiyonu ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği", Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 22(1), 44-49.

  BACKGROUND

• Telci EA, Karaduman A, Yakut Y, Aras B, Simsek IE, Yagli N. The cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of neck disability index in patients with neck pain: a Turkish version study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Jul 15;34(16):1732-5. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ac9055.

  PMID: 19770615 BACKGROUND

• Harvie DS, Kelly J, Buckman H, Chan J, Sutherland G, Catley M, Novak J, Tuttle N, Sterling M. Tactile acuity testing at the neck: A comparison of methods. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Dec;32:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.07.007. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

  PMID: 28800436 BACKGROUND

• Öksüz, Ç., Akel, B.S. 2016. Sayfa 299-312. Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Cilt 1. Editör: Karaduman A.A., Yılmaz Ö.T. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi ve Pelikan Kitabevi.

  BACKGROUND

• Nitschke JE, Nattrass CL, Disler PB, Chou MJ, Ooi KT. Reliability of the American Medical Association guides' model for measuring spinal range of motion. Its implication for whole-person impairment rating. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Feb 1;24(3):262-8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199902010-00013.

  PMID: 10025021 BACKGROUND

• Tousignant M, Boucher N, Bourbonnais J, Gravelle T, Quesnel M, Brosseau L. Intratester and intertester reliability of the Cybex electronic digital inclinometer (EDI-320) for measurement of active neck flexion and extension in healthy subjects. Man Ther. 2001 Nov;6(4):235-41. doi: 10.1054/math.2001.0419.

  PMID: 11673934 BACKGROUND

• Santos, C.M.D., Ferreira, G., Malacco, P.L., Sabino, G.S., Moraes, G.F.D.S., Felício, D.C. 2012. "Intra and inter examiner reliability and measurement error of goniometer and digital inclinometer use", Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 18, 38-41.

  BACKGROUND

• Wand BM, Catley MJ, Rabey MI, O'Sullivan PB, O'Connell NE, Smith AJ. Disrupted Self-Perception in People With Chronic Low Back Pain. Further Evaluation of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire. J Pain. 2016 Sep;17(9):1001-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 18.

  PMID: 27327235 BACKGROUND

• Onan D, Gokmen D, Ulger O. The Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire in Chronic Neck Pain Patients: Turkish Version, Validity and Reliability Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020 Feb 1;45(3):E163-E169. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003207.

  PMID: 31425430 BACKGROUND

• Cadmus-Bertram L, Irwin M, Alfano C, Campbell K, Duggan C, Foster-Schubert K, Wang CY, McTiernan A. Predicting adherence of adults to a 12-month exercise intervention. J Phys Act Health. 2014 Sep;11(7):1304-12. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2012-0258. Epub 2013 Oct 31.

  PMID: 24176780 BACKGROUND

• Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2006 Dec 26;67(12):2129-34. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000249112.56935.32. Epub 2006 Nov 2.

  PMID: 17082465 BACKGROUND

• Priganc VW, Stralka SW. Graded motor imagery. J Hand Ther. 2011 Apr-Jun;24(2):164-8; quiz 169. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2010.11.002. Epub 2011 Feb 9.

  PMID: 21306870 BACKGROUND

• Moseley GL. Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand? Neurology. 2004 Jun 22;62(12):2182-6. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000130156.05828.43.

  PMID: 15210879 BACKGROUND

• Wallwork SB, Butler DS, Fulton I, Stewart H, Darmawan I, Moseley GL. Left/right neck rotation judgments are affected by age, gender, handedness and image rotation. Man Ther. 2013 Jun;18(3):225-30. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.10.006. Epub 2013 Jan 26.

  PMID: 23357411 BACKGROUND

• Sur S, Sinha VK. Event-related potential: An overview. Ind Psychiatry J. 2009 Jan;18(1):70-3. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.57865.

  PMID: 21234168 BACKGROUND

• Amin HU, Malik AS, Kamel N, Chooi WT, Hussain M. P300 correlates with learning & memory abilities and fluid intelligence. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2015 Sep 23;12:87. doi: 10.1186/s12984-015-0077-6.

  PMID: 26400233 BACKGROUND

• Huettel SA, McCarthy G. What is odd in the oddball task? Prefrontal cortex is activated by dynamic changes in response strategy. Neuropsychologia. 2004;42(3):379-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.07.009.

  PMID: 14670576 BACKGROUND

• Stevens AA, Skudlarski P, Gatenby JC, Gore JC. Event-related fMRI of auditory and visual oddball tasks. Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 Jun;18(5):495-502. doi: 10.1016/s0730-725x(00)00128-4.

  PMID: 10913710 BACKGROUND

• Fukami, T., Shimada, T., Akatsuka, T., Ishikawa, F., Ishikawa B., Saito Y. 2003.

  BACKGROUND

• Fajkus J, Mikl M, Shaw DJ, Brazdil M. An fMRI investigation into the effect of preceding stimuli during visual oddball tasks. J Neurosci Methods. 2015 Aug 15;251:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 May 16.

  PMID: 25989317 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Chronic Pain; Neck Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Özlem Ülger, Prof

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Bahar Güntekin, Prof

  Medipol University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Ayşenur Zaim, Master (Canditate)

  Medipol University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Ayşegül Bostan, PhD (Candidate)

  Hacettepe University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer

Model Details: Both healthy and neck patient groups will receive the training for 4 weeks.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 12, 2024
• First Posted: November 7, 2024
• Study Start: December 16, 2024
• Primary Completion: October 1, 2025
• Study Completion: December 1, 2025
• Last Updated: December 9, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-12

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)