Motor Imagery Ability and Cervical Discogenic Pain

NCT06502236 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: MImagery
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the motor imagery ability and its association with pain, functional status, neck awareness and depression levels in individuals with cervical discogenic pain (CDP). Methods: Sixty individuals aged between 18-65 were included in the study. Demographic data was recorded, pain and disability were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), motor imagery ability using Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) and mental chronometry. Grip strength, cervical muscle endurance, upper limbs functionality, neck awareness and depression levels were assessed using hydraulic hand dynamometer, cervical muscle endurance tests, Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15), Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively.

Conditions

Motor Imagery; Neck Pain; Disc Herniation; Functional Status

Keywords

Awareness; Endurance; Functional Status; Motor Imagery; Neck; Pain

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Assessment of Pain Severity

  The 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) developed by Price et al., and The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. were used to evaluate the pain severity and the disability related to neck. On the 10-cm VAS, the first notch is marked 0, and the last notch is marked 10. Zero means no pain, whereas 10 means the most severe pain.

  February 2024

• Assessment of Neck Disability

  The Neck Disability Index (NDI) developed by Vernon et al. was used to evaluate the disability caused by chronic neck pain. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Aslan et al., the questionnaire is made up of 10 questions questioning the impact of neck pain on daily activities including personal care, concentration, working, driving and sleeping. Each question is rated between 0 and 5 with the maximum score being 50. 0 to 4 points means no disability, 5 to 14 points means mild disability, 14 to 24 points means moderate disability, 25 to 34 points means serious disability, 35 and above means complete disability, and 50 points means full disability .

  February 2024

• Assessment of Motor Imagery Ability

  MI skills of the participants were evaluated with the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) developed to determine the extent to which individuals can visualize and sense an imagined movement. Validated for reliability in Turkish by Dilek et al., the questionnaire included 20 movements measuring 10 visual and 10 kinesthetic imagery skills. To perform the assessment, first, the physiotherapist showed the required movement on their own body, and then asked the participant to repeat that movement physically once. Then the participants were asked to imagine the movement and rate the movement for how much it was felt based on its visual clarity. The overall score included the sum of separate scores of kinesthetic imagery skill and visual imagery skill and ranged between 20 and 100. Higher scores indicated higher clarity and intensity of sensation

  February 2024

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Assessment of Grip Strength

  February 2024

• Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Flexor

  February 2024

• Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Extensor

  February 2024

• Assessment of Muscular Endurance-Deep Flexor

  February 2024

• Assessment of Neck Awareness

  February 2024

Study Arms (1)

Control Group

The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the "Visual Analog Scale" \[4\], and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded. In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The present study was conducted with individuals aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months, had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale and could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist. All individuals initially diagnosed as cervical disc lesion either one level or multilevel lesions, as diagnosed by the neurologist and confirmed by MRI imaging. The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18 to 65 years with cervical disc herniation, who were suffered from neck pain lasting for at least 3 months,
• Had a resting pain between 3-7 according to the Visual Analog Scale;
• Could follow the instructions of a physiotherapist.

You may not qualify if:

• The individuals with disk degeneration without cervical disk herniation, cervical stenosis and cervical spondylosis were excluded.
• In addition, individuals who had a history of spinal tumor or head trauma, had a spinal deformity or congenital malformation, had a cervical instability and cervical artery dysfunction, underwent any cervical surgery in the preceding 6 months, musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular diseases in the upper extremity and shoulders (rotator cuff tear, very severe myofascial pain syndrome, cervical facet joint pain, carpal tunnel disease, etc.)
• Who were not able to follow the instructions of the therapist were excluded from the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hacettepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Sarıkaya Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation High School

Yozgat, Sarıkaya, 66100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (7)

• Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011 Oct;152(10):2399-2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005.

  PMID: 21856077 BACKGROUND

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  BACKGROUND

• Wang C, Laiwalla A, Salamon N, Ellingson BM, Holly LT. Compensatory brainstem functional and structural connectivity in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy by probabilistic tractography and functional MRI. Brain Res. 2020 Dec 15;1749:147129. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147129. Epub 2020 Sep 17.

  PMID: 32950486 RESULT

• Suica Z, Platteau-Waldmeier P, Koppel S, Schmidt-Trucksaess A, Ettlin T, Schuster-Amft C. Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e023439. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023439.

  PMID: 30552265 RESULT

• Javdaneh N, Molayei F, Kamranifraz N. Effect of adding motor imagery training to neck stabilization exercises on pain, disability and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic neck pain. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Feb;42:101263. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101263. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

  PMID: 33276225 RESULT

• Lebon F, Guillot A, Collet C. Increased muscle activation following motor imagery during the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2012 Mar;37(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9175-9.

  PMID: 22127572 RESULT

• Dere T, Yurdakul G, Bugra Kilinc S, Alemdaroglu-Gurbuz I. Association Between Motor Imagery Ability and Pain, Functional Status, Neck Awareness, and Depression in Individuals with Chronic Neck Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025 Mar;31(2):23-29.

  PMID: 39715569 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Neck Pain; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Spinal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Hernia; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical

Study Officials

• Tuğba Dere, MSc

  Yozgat Bozok University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Yozgat Bozok University

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 7, 2024
• First Posted: July 16, 2024
• Study Start: January 2, 2024
• Primary Completion: May 5, 2024
• Study Completion: May 28, 2024
• Last Updated: July 17, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)