Sublingual Atropine Bioequivalence by Route of Administration (SABER)

NCT06366087 | Completed Phase 1 Results FDA Drug

• 1 other identifier: BP-C-24-001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 46
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

A randomized, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study to assess the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of atropine administered sublingually (SL) or intramuscularly (IM) in healthy adult volunteers.

Conditions

Atropine Bioequivalence

Keywords

Pharmaceutical Solutions; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bronchodilator Agents; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Mydriatics; Parasympatholytics; Muscarinic Antagonists; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Atropine; Ophthalmic Solutions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• The Bioequivalence of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus Administered IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Infinity (AUCinf).

  Blood samples to measure atropine plasma concentrations were collected during each dosing visit at the following time points: time 0 (predose), and postdose at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and 2, 2.5, 4, 6, and 8 hours. PK parameters were estimated for each subject and route using noncompartmental analysis (NCA) methods. AUCinf is summarized by route of administration as the geometric mean and coefficient of variation of the geometric mean for all evaluable participants and expressed as min\*ng/mL. Geometric ratios of least-square means and associated 90% confidence intervals are reported from a linear mixed model. Bioequivalence will be considered met if the 90% CI of the ratio for AUCinf lies within 80.00 to 125.00%.

  Pre-dose through 8 hours post-dose at Days 1 and 8

• The Bioequivalence of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus Administered IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time of Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUCt).

  Blood samples to measure atropine plasma concentrations were collected during each dosing visit at the following time points: time 0 (predose), and postdose at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and 2, 2.5, 4, 6, and 8 hours. PK parameters were estimated for each subject and route using noncompartmental analysis (NCA) methods. AUCt is summarized by route of administration as the geometric mean and coefficient of variation of the geometric mean for all evaluable participants and expressed as min\*ng/mL. Geometric ratios of least-square means and associated 90% confidence intervals are reported from a linear mixed model. Bioequivalence will be considered met if the 90% CI of the ratio for AUCt lies within 80.00 to 125.00%.

  Pre-dose through 8 hours post-dose at Days 1 and 8

Secondary Outcomes (13)

• AUC45 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 45 Minutes (AUC45)

  0 hour (pre-dose), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 minutes post-dose on Days 1 and 8

• AUC60 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 60 Minutes (AUC60)

  0 hour (pre-dose), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-dose at Days 1 and 8

• AUC90 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 90 (AUC90)

  0 (pre-dose), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes post-dose at Days 1 and 8

• AUC120 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 120 Minutes (AUC120)

  0 (pre-dose), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose at Days 1 and 8

• AUC150 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 150 Minutes (AUC150)

  0 (pre-dose), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes post-dose at Days 1 and 8

Study Arms (2)

Sublingual

EXPERIMENTAL

1 mg (100 µL of a 1% w/v solution), administered SL by pipette with at least a 30 second dwell time without swallowing.

Drug: Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1%

Intramuscular

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Multidose vial presentation, 1 mg (2.5 ml) administered by IM injection into the mid-anterolateral thigh.

Drug: Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP 8 mg/20 mL (0.4 mg/mL)

Interventions

Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1% DRUG

Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% manufactured by Bausch \& Lomb Americas Inc., is a sterile topical anti-muscarinic indicated for mydriasis, cycloplegia, and penalization of the healthy eye to treat amblyopia. Each mL of Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1% contains the active ingredient atropine sulfate 10 mg, equivalent to 8.3 mg of atropine. Inactive ingredients are boric acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and water for injection, USP; hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust pH (3.5 to 6.0). Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% will be supplied in 0.4 mL single-dose vials and will be administered as a single dose to a single participant. 100 μL of Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% will be given sublingually by pipette to deliver 1.0 mg of atropine sulfate. Before administration, participants will be told to swallow. Once given, participants will be told to try not to swallow for 30 seconds and then swallow normally.

Sublingual

Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP 8 mg/20 mL (0.4 mg/mL) DRUG

Atropine sulfate injection, USP is a muscarinic antagonist used for temporary blockade of severe/life-threatening muscarinic effects and to treat symptomatic bradycardia. Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP, 8 mg/20 mL (0.4 mg/mL) manufactured by Fresenius Kabi is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, isotonic, clear solution of atropine sulfate in water for injection with sodium chloride sufficient to render the solution isotonic. Each mL contains atropine sulfate, 0.4 mg; benzyl alcohol, 9 mg; and sodium chloride 9 mg; it may also contain sulfuric acid for pH adjustment, pH 3.5 (3.0 to 3.8). Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP will be supplied in 8 mg/20 mL multidose vials (0.4 mg/mL). Each vial will be used to administer multiple doses to multiple participants. 2.5 mL will be injected into the mid-anterolateral thigh to deliver 1.0 mg of atropine sulfate. Vials will be dated/timed and will not be given after 24 hours of first entry.

Intramuscular

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy male and non-pregnant female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 years, inclusive, at time of consent.
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
• Females who are of childbearing potential and are sexually active with a male partner must have used an adequate method of birth control for at least 2 months prior to Screening and must agree to continue using an adequate method of birth control from Screening through Follow-up (Day 15).
• A female of childbearing potential is defined as a post onset of menarche and premenopausal female capable of becoming pregnant. This does not include females who meet any of the following conditions: menopausal \>2 years, tubal ligation \>1 year, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or hysterectomy.
• Adequate contraception is defined as a contraceptive method with a failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly and when applicable, in accordance with the product label. Examples include oral contraceptives, injectable progestogen, implants of etonogestrel or levonorgestrel, estrogenic vaginal ring, percutaneous contraceptive patches, intrauterine device or intrauterine system, or male partner sterilization at least 6 months prior to the participant's Screening Visit.
• In the judgment of the investigator, the participant is in good health, based on review of medical history and the results of Screening evaluation (including vital signs, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram \[ECG\], and Screening laboratory assessments, performed no more than 14 days prior to randomization into the study).
• Able to comply with the dosing instructions and available to complete the study Schedule of Assessments.

You may not qualify if:

• Females who have a positive pregnancy test or who are breastfeeding.
• Participants with thyroid disease as evidenced by a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) \<0.9 × lower limit of normal (LLN) or \> 1.2 × upper limit of normal (ULN) at Screening (This Screening test will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing).
• Participants with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or serum creatinine \>1.5 × ULN at Screening. (These Screening tests will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing.)
• Have known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or acute or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection based on medical history; or test positive for any of these at Screening. Participants who have been effectively treated for hepatitis C, as evidenced by a negative hepatitis C RNA confirmation test and who no longer require antiviral therapy, are eligible for participation. (These Screening tests will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing.)
• Participants who took any prescription medications (with the exception of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) within 30 days of Screening. Prior to each dose, the investigator will review prohibited medication use and determine whether the participant should be terminated from further dosing.
• Participants who took any over-the-counter medication/vitamins/herbal supplements in the last 72 hours prior to Screening. Prior to each dose, the investigator will review prohibited medication use and determine whether the participant should be terminated from further dosing.
• Participants who are current smokers or are currently using any oral nicotine/oral tobacco product (e.g. snuff, chew, lozenges, nicotine gum, pouches) or electronic cigarette or vaping device (e.g., e-cigarette, mod, vape pen, JUUL, e-cigar, e-hookah, e-pipe, vape pods) or have used any of these products within 6 months prior to Screening.
• Participants with glaucoma and/or history of ocular surgery (including LasikTM), ocular trauma, or congenital ocular disorder.
• Participants with any history of heart disease, including but not limited to hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia (treated or untreated), congestive heart failure, pacemaker, history of vasovagal syncope, any supraventricular tachycardia, peripheral vascular disease, or claudication.
• Participants with clinically significant arrhythmias or abnormal conduction; abnormal conduction is defined as a prolonged PR or QRS, or a QTc ≥450 msec for males or ≥470 msec for females.
• Participants with a history of partial organic pyloric stenosis, chronic constipation, gastroparesis, or other gastrointestinal motility issues.
• Participants with a history of xerostomia due to an underlying disease or previous radiation therapy to the head and neck.
• Males with history of symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy; males or females with a history of urinary hesitancy or retention.
• Participants with a blood pressure \>140/90 mm Hg taken after the participant has been seated and resting for at least five minutes.
• Participants with a history or current diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority: lead
• Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.: collaborator
• Allucent Government Services (US), LLC: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Johnson County Clin-Trials (JCCT)

Lenexa, Kansas, 66219, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Atropine

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Atropine Derivatives; Tropanes; Azabicyclo Compounds; Aza Compounds; Organic Chemicals; Belladonna Alkaloids; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Alkaloids; Heterocyclic Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Michael D. Schwartz, MD MPH/Division of CBRN Countermeasures
• Organization: BARDA

Michael.Schwartz@hhs.gov

(202)-260-0849

Study Officials

• Derek Eisnor, MD

  Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority

  STUDY CHAIR

• Michael Schwartz, MD

  Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority

  STUDY CHAIR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 1
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: FED
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 11, 2024
• First Posted: April 15, 2024
• Study Start: April 15, 2024
• Primary Completion: May 15, 2024
• Study Completion: May 22, 2024
• Last Updated: January 27, 2026
• Results First Posted: April 4, 2025

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)