Investigating Association Between Spine, Scapular, Shoulder and Core in Swimmers

NCT06326177 | Enrolling By Invitation

• 1 other identifier: Yeditepe U - Poyraz Tuncer
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 44
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of this observational study is to investigate relationship between cervical, thoracic, lumbar and thoracolumbar spine posture, spine movement, isometric and eccentric shoulder strength, scapular dyskinesis and core muscle endurance in healthy competitive young swimmers in comparison with healthy recreational swimmers. The main question is whether spine posture affects spine movement, shoulder strength, scapular dyskinesia and core endurance. Participants will asked to complete a warm up period, after that spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder strength and core endurance will be assessed by examiner. Researchers will compare competitive swimmer group and recreational swimmer group. Additionally correlation between spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be investigated in competitive swimmer group. Aim of the study is to determine whether posture have any effect upon these parameters.

Conditions

Postural Kyphosis; Postural Lordosis; Movement, Abnormal; Spine Injury; Cervical Lordosis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Spinal Posture

  Cervical lordosis, thoracal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and thoracolumbar posture will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.

  1 Day

• Cervical Movement

  Cervical flexion and extension will be calculated. All parameters will be calculated in degree.

  1 Day

• Thoracic Movement

  Thoracic flexion and extension will be recorded. Also thoracal rotation will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.

  1 Day

• Lumbar Movement

  Lumbar flexion and extension will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.

  1 Day

• Thoracolumbar Movement

  Thoracolumbar flexion and extension will be recorded. Thoracolumbar rotation will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.

  1 Day

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Anterior Core Musculature Assessment

  1 Day

• Lateral Core Musculature Assessment

  1 Day

• Posterior Core Musculature Assessment

  1 Day

• Core Musculature Ratio Assessment

  1 Day

• Shoulder Strength Assessment

  1 Day

Study Arms (2)

Competitive Swimmer Group

Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed.

Procedure: Spine Posture Assessment; Procedure: Spine Movement Assessment; Procedure: Core Muscle Endurance Assessment; Procedure: Scapular Dyskinesia; Procedure: Shoulder Strength

Recreational Swimmer Group

Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed.

Procedure: Spine Posture Assessment; Procedure: Spine Movement Assessment; Procedure: Core Muscle Endurance Assessment; Procedure: Scapular Dyskinesia; Procedure: Shoulder Strength

Interventions

Spine Posture Assessment PROCEDURE

Spine posture will be assessed with double inclinometer method. After determining landmarks for each assessment, inclinometers will be placed and degree will be noted. Both degree which are obtained with different inclinometers will be used to summed up for determining postural alteration degree. Cervical, thoracal, thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal postures will be used. Spine postures are going to be expressed as, cervical lordosis degree, thoracal kyphosis degree, thoracolumbar posture degree and lumbar lordosis degree. Landmarks for cervical lordosis are C2 and C7, for thoracal kyphosis are T1 and T12, for lumbar lordosis are T12 and S1, for thoracolumbar posture C7 and S1.

Competitive Swimmer Group; Recreational Swimmer Group

Spine Movement Assessment PROCEDURE

Spine movement will be assessed via using bubble inclinometer in terms of degree. Bony landmarks will be spotted like done in spine posture assessment after that full spinal flexion and extension wanted in order to record degrees in inclinometers at the end range. As a result the difference between two inclinometer will give the motion of that segment. Lumbar and thoracolumbar spinal movement will be assessed with this method. For thoracal and cervical range of motion values will be recorded separately without substruction from both inclinometer. Thoracal rotation range of motion will be assessed with two landmarks and will be recorded separately according to landmark. Thoracolumbar range of motion will be assessed with two substruction of degrees. Landmarks for cervical range of motion are vertex and C7, for thoracal range of motion are T1 and T12, for lumbar range of motion are T12 and S1, for thoracolumbar range of motion C7 and S1.

Competitive Swimmer Group; Recreational Swimmer Group

Core Muscle Endurance Assessment PROCEDURE

Core muscle endurance is divided into three components. Trunk anterior flexion test will be used to assess anterior core region endurance. Lateral plank test will be used to determine lateral core muscle endurance. Trunk posterior extensor test will be used to determine endurance of the posterior core musculature. All of these test are calculated in predetermined positions according to literature with static contractions. Maximum duration of maintaining that position is needed. In trunk anterior flexion test participant will sit with 60 degree inclination from the ground while making contact with their feet when hips and knees are flexed. In lateral plank test participants should place their elbow to ground and lift their hip while feet are in contact with ground in side lying position. In trunk extensor endurance test participants will lie prone to the bed while maintaining contact with their ASIS and lower extremity. The upper body should stay outside of the bed.

Competitive Swimmer Group; Recreational Swimmer Group

Scapular Dyskinesia PROCEDURE

Scapular dyskinesia will be assessed with scapular dyskinesia test. Dumbbells which are 1,5kg will be used in the testing setting. Participant will perform full shoulder abduction for 5 times while examiner assesses the movement quality by ranking it as subtle dyskinesis, obvious dyskinesis and no dyskinesis according to the movement of the scapula. After that participant will perform 5 repetitions of shoulder flexion.

Competitive Swimmer Group; Recreational Swimmer Group

Shoulder Strength PROCEDURE

Shoulder strength will be assessed via usage of microfet hand held dynamometer. Isometric shoulder strength will be calculated in supine lying position while participant holding their arm at side with 90 degree elbow flexion. After that participant will apply maximal contraction towards external rotation while examiner resists that motion in order to prevent any motion with dynamometer. Eccentric shoulder strength will be assessed in sitting position. Participant will hold their shoulder at 90 degrees of abduction with 90 degree external rotation. Also elbow should be in 90 degree flexed position. After that examiner will give force towards neutral rotation while holding the arm. Participant will resist this motion eccentrically until neutral rotation is reached. Velocity of the shoulder should be same throughout all motion due to creation of isokinetic environment.

Competitive Swimmer Group; Recreational Swimmer Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 12 Years - 24 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Study population will be selected from swimmers in Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, ENKA, İstek and TOHM clubs. Study takes place in İstanbul. Study will include swimmers that are also swimming in USA for their university teams due to their education which are also competing in Turkey for their aforementioned clubs in the Turkish Championship. Participant pool approximately between 200-300 swimmers. Both gender will be included.

You may qualify if:

• Being a competitive swimmer.
• Being between 12-24 ages.
• Participating swimming training at least 6 days a week.
• Swimming faster than Turkish National Championship participation qualification times in their age group.
• Participating swimming training at least 12 hours a week.
• Should start swimming at least 6 years before.

You may not qualify if:

• Being an open water swimmer.
• Having systemic, cardiopulmonary and neurological pathology.
• Having orthopedic pathology in the past 6 months.
• Having surgical history in past 6 months.
• Having tumoral condition.
• Having spine pathology in past 6 months.
• Being a recreational swimmer.
• Being between 12-24 ages.
• Having systemic, cardiopulmonary and neurological pathology.
• Having orthopedic pathology in the past 6 months.
• Having surgical history in past 6 months.
• Having tumoral condition.
• Having spine pathology in past 6 months.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Yeditepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

PT Academy

Istanbul, Kadıköy, 34744, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (17)

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dyskinesias; Spinal Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Movement Disorders; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Back Injuries; Wounds and Injuries

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Target Duration: 1 Day
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Physiotherapist

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 5, 2024
• First Posted: March 22, 2024
• Study Start: August 10, 2024
• Primary Completion: October 1, 2024
• Study Completion: December 1, 2024
• Last Updated: July 24, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-07

Locations

TU (1)