Menu Label Noticeability
Restaurant Menu Study: Label Noticeability
1 other identifier
interventional
4,581
1 country
1
Brief Summary
To assess the relative noticeability of the following added-sugar menu label elements using a factorial experiment: label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item).
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Feb 2024
Shorter than P25 for not_applicable
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
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Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
November 27, 2023
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
January 12, 2024
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
February 15, 2024
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
March 15, 2024
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
March 15, 2024
CompletedFebruary 10, 2025
October 1, 2023
29 days
November 27, 2023
February 5, 2025
Conditions
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (2)
Noticing and recall of added-sugar nutrient label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (Answered "Yes" to noticing, answered "Added sugars" to recall, and answered "high" for high low recall question) or "Incorrect" (otherwise)
Noticing a nutrition label - Measured with "Think back to the beginning of this survey when you imagined you were ordering dinner from restaurant menus. Did you notice any nutrition labels (other than the calories) next to any of the menu items?" Response options are "Yes", "No", and "Don't know". Recalling the label's meaning - \[If answered "Yes"\] Measured with "What did the nutrition label tell you about?" Response options are (displayed in survey in a random order) "Sodium", "Added sugars", "Trans fats", "Fiber", "Calcium", "Healthy items", "Unhealthy items", "Vegetarian", "Organic", "Gluten-free", "Sustainable", "None of these", "Not sure". High/low - \[If answered "Added sugars"\] "What did the label tell you about added sugars?" Response options are "High in added sugars", "Low in added sugars", "Something else", "I don't know". There is no formal name for this measure/scale.
up to approximately 1 minute
Recognition of label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (selected the label they were assigned to" or "Incorrect" (any other option).
Measured with "Please look at the following labels and select which label (if any) you saw on the menus while selecting your food and beverage items." Response options will include images of 7 labels with the designs based on the participant's assigned color (black vs red) and label type (icon-only vs. boxed-icon vs, boxed icon-plus-text label) and the options, "Not sure" and "None of these". There is no formal name for this measure/scale. It was developed for this study.
up to approximately 1 minute
Secondary Outcomes (2)
Knowledge of menu items high in added sugar - continuous variable using the percent of 8 items correctly classified
up to approximately 2 minutes
Perceived Message Effectiveness of label - continuous variable based on a 3-item scale in which each item uses a 1-5 response scale
up to approximately 2 minutes
Other Outcomes (4)
Selection of at least one item high in added sugar
up to approximately 2 minutes
Grams of sugar ordered
up to approximately 2 minutes
Perception that the labels grabbed attention
up to approximately 1 minute
- +1 more other outcomes
Study Arms (24)
Left, black, icon only, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, icon only, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, icon only, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, icon only, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Left, black, icon only, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, icon only, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, icon only, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, icon only, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height
EXPERIMENTALParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Interventions
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Equal or greater than 18 years of age-
- Less than 100 years of age
- English-speaking
- U.S. residents
- Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age
You may not qualify if:
- Failing the attention check question
- Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
Study Sites (1)
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, 95616, United States
Study Officials
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jennifer Falbe, ScD, MPH
University of California, Davis
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- SINGLE
- Who Masked
- INVESTIGATOR
- Purpose
- PREVENTION
- Intervention Model
- FACTORIAL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
- PI Title
- Associate Professor
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
November 27, 2023
First Posted
January 12, 2024
Study Start
February 15, 2024
Primary Completion
March 15, 2024
Study Completion
March 15, 2024
Last Updated
February 10, 2025
Record last verified: 2023-10
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will not share