Impact of Exercise on Immune System and Metabolism in Football Players

NCT06201052 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 382/2017
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Physical exercise, especially of high intensity, is a significant burden to the athlete's body. It should be emphasized that achieving high results in competitive sports requires significant, sometimes extreme, exercise loads during training, which may result in homeostasis disorders, adversely affecting athletes' fitness. Intense and prolonged physical exercise elevates reactive oxygen species, potentially impacting immune function. The mechanism, particularly in high-intensity activities, remains incompletely understood. Excessive oxygen radicals may induce metabolic changes, causing rapid erythrocyte damage and elevated redox-active free iron. This iron increase can be harmful, increasing oxidative stress and immune system activation. The sustained negative impact that may be observed even during post-workout recovery needs further exploration. "This study aims to explain the impact of an intense exercise test on the immune system, pro-antioxidant balance, and iron metabolism in athletes with varying training levels. The primary questions it seeks to address are:

1. 1.How do athletes' experience and training background influence the immune system's response, pro-antioxidant balance, and iron regulation?
2. 2.Can the level of adaptation to physical exercise (training status) affect the rate of regeneration and the time required to return to pre-exercise homeostasis?"

Conditions

Healthy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (14)

• Changes in iron level

  marker of iron management

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in UIBC (unsaturated iron-binding capacity)

  marker of iron management

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in TIBC (total iron-binding capacity)

  marker of iron management

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in hepcidin

  marker of iron management

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in lactoferrin

  marker of iron management

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in IL-6 (interleukin-6)

  marker of immune system

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in IL-10 (interleukin-10)

  marker of immune system

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)

  marker of immune response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in tryptophan

  marker of immune response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)

  marker of hormonal response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in testosterone

  marker of hormonal response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in cortisol

  marker of hormonal response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in serotonin

  marker of neurohormonal response

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

• Changes in myoglobin

  marker of muscle damage

  At rest (before the exercise test), 1 minute after the end of the test, after 3 hours, and 24 hours of recovery.

Study Arms (2)

Junior

Junior soccer players 19 male, average training experience: 8 years

Other: Exercise test

Senior

Senior Soccer players 21 male, average training experience: 16 years

Other: Exercise test

Interventions

Exercise test OTHER

Beep Test for measuring aerobic power

Junior; Senior

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 22 Years - 37 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Forty healthy football players, aged from 22 to 37 years. The average training experience for junior players was 8 years and 16 for the senior group.

You may qualify if:

• Competitive football training for at least 3 years
• Male
• Not taking any medications throughout the study
• Provide voluntary consent for participation in the study

You may not qualify if:

• Any healthy problems

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Poznan University of Physical Education: lead
• Nicolaus Copernicus University: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Poznań University of Physical Education

Poznan, 61-871, Poland

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Exercise Test

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Heart Function Tests; Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Respiratory Function Tests; Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System; Ergometry; Investigative Techniques

Study Officials

• Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, Ph.D.

  Poznan University of Physical Education

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 30, 2023
• First Posted: January 11, 2024
• Study Start: February 1, 2017
• Primary Completion: May 10, 2018
• Study Completion: November 15, 2018
• Last Updated: July 10, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PL (1)