Muscle Energy Technique and Hamstring Nordic Lower for Hamstring Tightness in Young Athletes

NCT06012344 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: Bhutta001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

the study aims to assess the efficacy of two interventions, namely the muscle energy technique and the hamstring Nordic lower exercise, in addressing hamstring tightness among young athletes in Pakistan.

Conditions

Hamstring Tightness; Athletic Injuries; Athletic Performance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (30)

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 1 at baseline

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• hamstring nordic Lower test

  The hamstring Nordic lower test is a functional assessment that evaluates the eccentric strength and endurance of the hamstring muscles. During the test, the participant kneels with the ankles secured and gradually lowers their upper body towards the ground while maintaining control. The goal is to use the hamstrings to control the descent and return to the starting position. This test specifically targets the eccentric contraction of the hamstrings, which is crucial for deceleration, change of direction, and injury prevention. By assessing hamstring strength and endurance, the test can identify weaknesses or imbalances that may increase the risk of hamstring injuries.

  phase 3 post intervention 14th day

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 1 at baseline

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• 100 meter sprint

  The 100-meter sprint is typically performed in a single continuous effort, with athletes starting from a stationary position and sprinting as fast as possible to reach the finish line.

  phase 3 post intervention 14th day

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 1 at baseline

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• agility run test

  The agility run test is commonly used in sports that require quick changes of direction, such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and football. It helps to evaluate an athlete's ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently, which are crucial skills for success in these sports.

  phase 3 post intervention 14th day

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 1 at baseline

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• vertical jump

  By assessing the vertical jump performance, the test indirectly provides insights into the strength and power of the lower body muscles, including the hamstrings. A strong and well-functioning hamstring muscle group is crucial for generating force during the jump and contributing to the overall jump height.

  phase 3 post intervention 14th day

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 1 at baseline

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• YMCA sit & reach box

  The YMCA sit and reach box is a commonly used tool to measure and assess hamstring and lower back flexibility. It consists of a box or platform with a measuring scale and a sliding panel. The participant sits with their legs extended, placing their feet against the box. They then reach forward with both hands, sliding the panel as far as possible along the measuring scale while keeping their knees straight. The distance reached is recorded as the measurement of flexibility. The YMCA sit and reach test provides an objective measurement of hamstring and lower back flexibility and is widely used in research, fitness testing, and clinical assessments. It is a simple and practical tool to evaluate an individual's flexibility level and monitor changes over time.

  phase 3 post intervention 14th day

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Hamstring Eccentric Testing Questionnaire

  phase 1 at baseline

• Hamstring Eccentric Testing Questionnaire

  phase 1 post intervention 14th day

• Hamstring Eccentric Testing Questionnaire

  phase 2 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

• Hamstring Eccentric Testing Questionnaire

  phase 2 post intervention 14th day

• Hamstring Eccentric Testing Questionnaire

  phase 3 at baseline (after 4 week of washout period)

Study Arms (3)

Group A

EXPERIMENTAL

20 participant randomly allocated they were administered in first phase with post facilitation stretch , 3rd phase with post isometric relaxation and then in 5th phase hamstring Nordic lower

Other: post facilitation stretch; Other: post isometric relaxation; Other: hamstring nordic lower

Group B

EXPERIMENTAL

20 participant randomly allocated they were administered in first phase with post isometric relaxation 3rd phase with hamstring Nordic lower and then in 5th phase post facilitation stretch

Other: post facilitation stretch; Other: post isometric relaxation; Other: hamstring nordic lower

Group C

EXPERIMENTAL

20 participant randomly allocated they were administered in first phase hamstring Nordic lower 3rd phase with post facilitation stretch and then in 5th phase post isometric relaxation

Other: post facilitation stretch; Other: post isometric relaxation; Other: hamstring nordic lower

Interventions

post facilitation stretch OTHER

PFS Post-Facilitation Stretch Participants in this arm received the intervention of post-facilitation stretch technique. Post-facilitation stretch involves the application of manual stretching techniques to the targeted muscles after a facilitation phase, which aims to enhance muscle extensibility. The participants underwent a standardized post-facilitation stretch protocol focusing on the hamstring muscles.

Also known as: Muscle energy technique type II

Group A; Group B; Group C

post isometric relaxation OTHER

Participants in this arm of the study received the intervention of post-isometric relaxation technique. Post-isometric relaxation involves the application of isometric contraction followed by a relaxation phase to promote muscle lengthening and improve flexibility. The participants underwent a standardized post-isometric relaxation protocol targeting the hamstring muscles.

Also known as: Muscle energy technique type I

Group A; Group B; Group C

hamstring nordic lower OTHER

Participants in this arm received the intervention of hamstring Nordic lower exercise. The hamstring Nordic lower exercise is a challenging eccentric exercise that specifically targets the hamstring muscles. Participants performed the exercise under supervision and followed a standardized protocol for the number of repetitions, sets, and rest intervals.

Group A; Group B; Group C

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Athletes with Hamstring tightness
• Both male and female will be included.
• Athletes ages form 18 to 25 years
• athletes having SLR \<110˚

You may not qualify if:

• Athletes having hamstring injuries
• Patients having painful SLR
• Other orthopedic conditions like LBP,
• Athletes with any deformity
• Recent surgery

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Health Education Research Foundation (HERF): lead

Study Sites (1)

Health Educaiton & research Foundation

Islamabad, Capital, 44000, Pakistan

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Athletic Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Wounds and Injuries

Study Officials

• waqar Ahmed Awan, Ph.D

  HERF

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: QUADRUPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: This triple-blinded randomized clinical trial ensured masking of participants, physiotherapists, assessors, and the principal investigator. Participants were unaware of their assigned treatment, as treatments were standardized and shared similar characteristics. Physiotherapists were trained to deliver treatments without disclosing specific interventions. Assessors remained blinded to treatment assignments, conducting outcome assessments independently. The principal investigator had no knowledge of treatment allocations to maintain objectivity. Implementing triple-blinding enhanced the study's internal validity, minimizing biases and improving the reliability of the results.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: This triple-blinded, randomized clinical trial employed a five-phase crossover design to evaluate the effects of post-isometric relaxation, post-facilitation stretch, and hamstring Nordic lower exercises on hamstring function and athletic performance in young athletes. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups in Phase I, followed by washout periods in Phases II and IV. In Phase III, participants switched treatments to ensure exposure to all interventions. Outcome measures included hamstring flexibility, lower limb power, speed and acceleration, hamstring strength, and agility. The study utilized triple-blinding and randomization to minimize biases. The findings will guide practitioners and coaches in optimizing training and rehabilitation strategies for young athletes. In conclusion, this trial provides valuable insights into the effects of different treatments on hamstring function and athletic performance, benefiting athletes and enhancing performance outcomes.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 1, 2023
• First Posted: August 25, 2023
• Study Start: March 1, 2021
• Primary Completion: February 26, 2023
• Study Completion: June 23, 2023
• Last Updated: August 25, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR, ANALYTIC CODE

Locations

PA (1)