Eccentrically Reinforced Resistance Training vs. Traditional Resistance Training in Sedentary Older Women

NCT05910632 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Resistance exercise - UFV
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 36
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

There are easily accessible and safe strategies, such as physical exercise, that can contribute to reducing depressive symptoms and to the preservation of physical and executive function in elderly women. Resistance exercise is defined as performing in water or on land. It involves exercise using a constant load or a uniform weight regardless of the training program. There are many types of resistance exercise equipment, including free weights, pneumatic resistance machines, and elastic bands. Specifically, eccentric muscle contraction occurs when the force applied to the muscle exceeds the momentary force produced by the muscle itself, resulting in forced lengthening of the muscle-tendon system while contracting. To date, a body of evidence has been found derived from randomized controlled trials, which have compared the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance exercise and Pilates in decreasing depressive symptoms and improving physical and executive function in elderly women. Although there are experimental studies demonstrating the effectiveness of physical exercise, the effect of short-term eccentrically reinforced strength training on depressive symptoms, physical and executive function in sedentary older women is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the safety and effect of eccentrically reinforced resistance exercise vs. traditional resistance training on depressive symptoms, physical and executive function, quality of life, different manifestations of muscle strength, body composition, vital signs and abdominal circumference, risk of falls, quality of sleep sedentary older women for 8 weeks.

Conditions

Depression; Physical Functional Performance; Executive Function

Keywords

Depression; Physical Function; Executive Function

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Changes in baseline depressive symptoms at two months.

  Test: The depressive state will be evaluated with a short version of the validated geriatric depression scale (GDS) in Brazil. There are 15 questions that inquire about feelings and a frequency that the person presents before certain conditions of life. These questions require categorical answers (yes or no). Of the 15 items, 10 indicate the presence of depression when answered positively. While the rest (1, 5, 7, 11 and 13) when answered negatively. A higher score indicates depression.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change in baseline test Time up and go at two months.

  Test: The time up and go will assess sitting balance, balance in transfers from sitting to standing, stability in ambulation and changes of direction. The test consists of the individual getting up from the chair, without arm support, walking 3 meters with safe and comfortable steps, without running, turning 180°, returning and sitting in the chair. The time taken to perform this task will be timed. Volunteers who perform the task in a time of less than 10 seconds will be considered with satisfactory mobility, for those who perform the test between 11 and 20 seconds will be classified with good mobility and for those who reach values greater than 20 seconds will be classified with mobility problems.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change in baseline balance test, mark speed, and sit and stand chair at two months

  The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in its Brazilian version will be performed, which includes the tests for standing static balance, gait speed, and lower limb muscle strength. The total score of the SPPB will be obtained by adding the score of each test, ranging from zero (worst capacity) to 12 (best capacity). The result can be graded as follows: 0 to 3 points: disability or poor capacity; 4 to 6 points: low capacity; 7 to 9 points: moderate capacity; and 10 to 12 points: good capacity.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change in Inhibitory control at two months

  Test: Victoria Stroop test. Inhibitory control will be evaluated using the Victoria Stroop Test, which uses three tasks with 24 items each. The participant is evaluated according to how quickly she performs the task and the number of errors. The effect of interference is determined by calculating the extra time required to name the colors (of the printout) compared to the time required to name colors in the first control task (colors of the cards). The task performed faster indicates better performance.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change in Working memory at two months

  Working memory will be evaluated by Digit Span Forward and Backward. For the calculation of the test, the sum of the longest sequence of digits repeated, without error, over two trials in direct order is used.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change in Cognitive flexibility at two months

  Test composed of two parts (Tracks A and Tracks B). The execution time for each of the tests is limited to four minutes or three errors The test score will be obtained through the time spent to finish each part. For speed adjustment, the difference between the completion times of part B and part A will be calculated, in which smaller differences in scores indicate better speed adjustments.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

Secondary Outcomes (22)

• Change in baseline quality of life time at two months.

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Maximum isometric voluntary contraction

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• 1RM test

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Muscle power

  Baseline and 8-weeks

• Change In Baseline Total body mass at two months

  Baseline and 8-weeks

Study Arms (2)

Eccentrically strengthened resistance exercise

EXPERIMENTAL

Women who will be part of the eccentrically reinforced resistance group will perform using the multi-gym equipment with flywheel. Each workout will involve upper and lower extremities.

Behavioral: Eccentrically strengthened resistance exercise

Traditional resistance training

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The control group (traditional resistance program) will carry out their interventions on gym machines for the lower limbs and free weights for the upper extremities.

Behavioral: Traditional resistance training

Interventions

Eccentrically strengthened resistance exercise BEHAVIORAL

For each resistance exercise session, 6 to 7 generic exercises will be performed, involving small and large muscle groups (leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps extension, seated row, shoulder flexion, and shoulder raise). They will perform with 4 sets of 8 repetitions, with a break between exercises of 1 minute and between sets of 2 minutes. They perform those exercises with high intensity (ever 10 on the OMNI-RES Scale).

Eccentrically strengthened resistance exercise

Traditional resistance training BEHAVIORAL

For each resistance exercise session, 6 to 7 generic exercises will be performed, involving small and large muscle groups (leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps extension, seated row, shoulder flexion, and shoulder raise). They will perform with 4 sets of 8-12 repetitions, with a break between exercises of 1 minute and between sets of 2 minutes. They perform those exercises with moderate and high intensities (6 to 10 on the OMNI-RES scale).

Traditional resistance training

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 60 Years+
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• years or older.
• Self-reported proficiency in speaking, writing, and understanding Portuguese.
• Willingness and availability to participate in all trial procedures.
• Good vision in at least one eye.
• Absence of any medical contraindications for engaging in physical exercise.
• Engage in less than 150 minutes of physical activity per week.
• Not clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder at the time of the interventions.

You may not qualify if:

• Elderly women with uncontrolled chronic diseases.
• Clinical diagnosis of psychiatric illness.
• Women who have undergone or are expected to undergo surgical procedures during the interventions.
• Elderly women diagnosed with joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and arthrosis.
• Participation in aerobic or resistance exercise programs at least 2 times a week for the past 3 months.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Federal University of Vicosa: lead

Study Sites (1)

Federal University of Viçosa

Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Andres Perez Bedoya E, Puerta-Lopez LF, Garcia Agostinho PA, Reis Cota AD, Patrocinio de Oliveira CE, Araujo Carneiro-Junior M, Patino-Villada FA, Costa Moreira O. Flywheel resistance training and depressive symptoms in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Ment Health. 2025 Nov 7:1-14. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2025.2575025. Online ahead of print.

  PMID: 41202328 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Depression

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Study Officials

• Édison A. Pérez Bedoya, PhD

  Federal University of Vicosa

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Hidden and opaque envelope technique.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 15, 2023
• First Posted: June 20, 2023
• Study Start: May 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: October 30, 2023
• Study Completion: December 30, 2023
• Last Updated: January 29, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

BR (1)