NCT05795738|Unknown
Visual Perceptual Motor Training on Kindergarteners
Effects of Different Visual-perceptual-motor Training Courses on Kindergarten Children
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Effects of Different Visual-perceptual-motor Training Courses on Kindergarten Children
Sponsor study identifier
interventional
180
1 country
1
Study Start
November 1, 2022
Actual (reported)Primary Completion
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
The study aims to investigate the effects of different visuomotor training programs on children's visuomotor skills and handwriting performance.
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
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Some registry-reported names shown below are not yet linked in this graph.
Dates and qualifiers reported by the registry. Estimated dates do not confirm that a milestone has occurred.
November 1, 2022
Actual (reported)March 5, 2023
Actual (reported)April 3, 2023
Actual (reported)August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
The Chinese Handwriting Test
the change of the handwriting performance
baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Chinese character recognition Test
the change of the Chinese character recognition ability
baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (preschool version)
the change of handwriting performance by kindergarten teacher's rating
baseline, after 12-week intervention
The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (School-aged version)
the change of handwriting skills by teacher's rating
through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Battery of Chinese Basic Literacy
the change of reading and handwriting skills
through study completion, an average of 1 year
Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4)
baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2)
baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration- Forth Edition (VMI)
baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
regular kindergarten education
visual perceptual motor activities using Chinese characters as activity materials.
visual perceptual motor activities using commercial or self-designed toys and pencil-paper sheets as activity materials.
this program includes visual-perceptual-motor play, paper-pencil activities, and ipad games using Chinese character as activity materials
this program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities, ipad games using commercial or self-designed stuffs as activity materials
National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, 701, Taiwan
Chen YN, Lin CK, Wei TS, Liu CH, Wuang YP. The effectiveness of multimedia visual perceptual training groups for the preschool children with developmental delay. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Dec;34(12):4447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.023. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
Chang SH, Yu NY. Visual and Haptic Perception Training to Improve Handwriting Skills in Children With Dysgraphia. Am J Occup Ther. 2017 Mar/Apr;71(2):7102220030p1-7102220030p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.021311.
Yea-Shwu Hwang, ScD
National Cheng Kung University
First Submitted
March 5, 2023
First Posted
April 3, 2023
Study Start
November 1, 2022
Actual (reported)Primary Completion
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)Registry-reported names are shown in full. Names without a link have not yet been matched to a Syfrah profile.
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. Occupational therapy effects on visual-motor skills in preschool children. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;57(5):542-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.5.542.
Daly CJ, Kelley GT, Krauss A. Relationship between visual-motor integration and handwriting skills of children in kindergarten: a modified replication study. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Jul-Aug;57(4):459-62. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.4.459.
Feder KP, Majnemer A, Bourbonnais D, Platt R, Blayney M, Synnes A. Handwriting performance in preterm children compared with term peers at age 6 to 7 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Mar;47(3):163-70. doi: 10.1017/s0012162205000307.
Feder KP, Majnemer A. Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x.
Hwang YS, Su PF, Hsiao YL, Tsai WH, Hung JY. Developing a Nomogram Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Chinese Handwriting in First Grade. Am J Occup Ther. 2020 Sep/Oct;74(5):7405205080p1-7405205080p8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038711.
Lee TI, Howe TH, Chen HL, Wang TN. Predicting Handwriting Legibility in Taiwanese Elementary School Children. Am J Occup Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;70(6):7006220020p1-7006220020p9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.016865.
Ohl AM, Graze H, Weber K, Kenny S, Salvatore C, Wagreich S. Effectiveness of a 10-week tier-1 response to intervention program in improving fine motor and visual-motor skills in general education kindergarten students. Am J Occup Ther. 2013 Sep-Oct;67(5):507-14. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2013.008110.
Poon KW, Li-Tsang CW, Weiss TP, Rosenblum S. The effect of a computerized visual perception and visual-motor integration training program on improving Chinese handwriting of children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2010 Nov-Dec;31(6):1552-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.001.
Prunty M, Barnett AL, Wilmut K, Plumb M. Visual perceptual and handwriting skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Oct;49:54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
Ratzon NZ, Efraim D, Bart O. A short-term graphomotor program for improving writing readiness skills of first-grade students. Am J Occup Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;61(4):399-405. doi: 10.5014/ajot.61.4.399.
Taverna L, Tremolada M, Dozza L, Zanin Scaratti R, Ulrike D, Lallo C, Tosetto B. Who Benefits from An Intervention Program on Foundational Skills for Handwriting Addressed to Kindergarten Children and First Graders? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062166.
Tse LF, Thanapalan KC, Chan CC. Visual-perceptual-kinesthetic inputs on influencing writing performances in children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Feb;35(2):340-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.013. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Tseng MH, Chow SM. Perceptual-motor function of school-age children with slow handwriting speed. Am J Occup Ther. 2000 Jan-Feb;54(1):83-8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.54.1.83.
van Hartingsveldt MJ, Cup EH, Hendriks JC, de Vries L, de Groot IJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Predictive validity of kindergarten assessments on handwriting readiness. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jan;36C:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.014. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Volman MJ, van Schendel BM, Jongmans MJ. Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: a search for underlying mechanisms. Am J Occup Ther. 2006 Jul-Aug;60(4):451-60. doi: 10.5014/ajot.60.4.451.
This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
August 31, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Last Updated
March 26, 2024
Record last verified: 2023-05
IPD are to be shared with other researchers
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