Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Exemplary Relationships (KINDER): Pilot Study

NCT05783102 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: STUDY20221333
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 45
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the KINDER intervention to family caregivers to persons living with dementia. Further, the investigators will examine the preliminary efficacy of the KINDER intervention at improving caregiver resourcefulness, relationship quality, and quality of care, including reduction of potential verbal-type elder mistreatment. During this study, participants will be asked to complete two (2) 30- to 45-minute surveys asking about their demographic information, caregiving situations, and relationship with the care recipient. The first survey will be sent within two weeks of beginning the KINDER intervention, the second will be sent within one week after participants complete the KINDER intervention so we can compare outcomes.

Conditions

Dementia; Caregiver Burden; Relation, Family; Elder Abuse

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Resourcefulness

  Resourcefulness is measured using the 28-item Caregiver Resourcefulness Scale (α=0.85; Zauszniewski, 2006). This scale has two factors: one focused on help-seeking and another on self-help. Caregivers are asked the frequency at which they use different strategies to manage challenges, and may respond: Not at all like me (0), Pretty much not like me (1), A little bit not like me (2), A little bit like me (3), Pretty much like much like me (4), or Very much like me (5). Items are added together to create a total score. Scores range from 0 to 140, where higher scores indicate higher levels of resourcefulness. The outcome measure will use the average change score from baseline scores until the post-intervention survey.

  Change from baseline to post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the 9 weeks intervention).

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Caregiving Relationship Strain

  Change from baseline to post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the 9 weeks intervention).

• Quality of Caregiving

  Change from baseline to post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the 9 weeks intervention).

• Frequency of Psychological Elder Mistreatment

  Change from baseline to post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the 9 weeks intervention).

Study Arms (1)

KINDER Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

KINDER is a 9-week psychoeducational intervention.

Behavioral: Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Exemplary Relationships

Interventions

Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Exemplary Relationships BEHAVIORAL

During this 9-week psychoeducational intervention, participants will complete eight weekly, self-paced lessons that include a short video vignette, written text, a reading quiz, and a reflection exercise. Topics include understanding a dementia diagnosis, communicating with a person you care for about challenging topics, finding a balance between safety concerns and independence, and more. Each lesson takes an estimated 1 hour to complete. Independent KINDER lessons can be completed using a printed or digital copy of the KINDER Workbook. In addition, participants will be asked to participate in three, 1.5-hour group discussion sessions with other caregivers and a facilitator. These sessions will take place over Zoom video conference.

KINDER Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Is age 18+
• Provides care to a family member or friend living with Alzheimer's Disease or a related dementia.
• Helps with at least 1 activity of daily living (e.g., bathing) or 2 instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., shopping)
• Provides at least 8 hours of assistance to the care recipient per week
• Does not intend to place the care recipient in a skilled nursing facility within 3 months of consenting into the study

You may not qualify if:

• Does not read and speak English
• Cannot reliably access a computer and internet

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Case Western Reserve University: lead
• University of Southern California: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States

Location

Related Publications (10)

• Acierno R, Hernandez MA, Amstadter AB, Resnick HS, Steve K, Muzzy W, Kilpatrick DG. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: the National Elder Mistreatment Study. Am J Public Health. 2010 Feb;100(2):292-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.163089. Epub 2009 Dec 17.

  PMID: 20019303 BACKGROUND

• Burnes D, Pillemer K, Lachs MS. Elder Abuse Severity: A Critical but Understudied Dimension of Victimization for Clinicians and Researchers. Gerontologist. 2017 Aug 1;57(4):745-756. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnv688.

  PMID: 26874186 BACKGROUND

• Conrad KJ, Iris M, Ridings JW, Langley K, Anetzberger GJ. Self-report measure of psychological abuse of older adults. Gerontologist. 2011 Jun;51(3):354-66. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnq103. Epub 2010 Dec 20.

  PMID: 21173437 BACKGROUND

• DeLiema M, Gassoumis ZD, Homeier DC, Wilber KH. Determining prevalence and correlates of elder abuse using promotores: low-income immigrant Latinos report high rates of abuse and neglect. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jul;60(7):1333-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04025.x. Epub 2012 Jun 14.

  PMID: 22697790 BACKGROUND

• Gitlin LN, Winter L, Dennis MP, Corcoran M, Schinfeld S, Hauck WW. Strategies used by families to simplify tasks for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: psychometric analysis of the Task Management Strategy Index (TMSI). Gerontologist. 2002 Feb;42(1):61-9. doi: 10.1093/geront/42.1.61.

  PMID: 11815700 BACKGROUND

• McClendon MJ, Smyth KA. Quality of informal care for persons with dementia: dimensions and correlates. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(8):1003-15. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.805400. Epub 2013 Jun 11.

  PMID: 24171485 BACKGROUND

• Reamy AM, Kim K, Zarit SH, Whitlatch CJ. Understanding discrepancy in perceptions of values: individuals with mild to moderate dementia and their family caregivers. Gerontologist. 2011 Aug;51(4):473-83. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr010. Epub 2011 Mar 7.

  PMID: 21383111 BACKGROUND

• Straus, MA, Hamby, SL, Boney-McCoy, SUE, & Sugarman, DB. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Journal of Family Issues. 2016; 17(3): 283-316. doi: 10.1177/01925139601700300.

  BACKGROUND

• Zauszniewski JA, Lai CY, Tithiphontumrong S. Development and testing of the Resourcefulness Scale for Older Adults. J Nurs Meas. 2006 Spring-Summer;14(1):57-68. doi: 10.1891/jnum.14.1.57.

  PMID: 16764178 BACKGROUND

• Meyer K, Wei W, Yonashiro-Cho J, Mage S, Kim S, Irani E, Burant C, Gassoumis Z, Lamb EG, Zauszniewski JA, Benton D. Acceptability of an Intervention to Prevent Older Adult Mistreatment Among Family Caregivers to Persons With Dementia: Multimethod Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res. 2025 Jul 30;9:e73778. doi: 10.2196/73778.

  PMID: 40737062 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dementia; Caregiver Burden

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Mental Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Kylie Meyer
• Organization: Case Western Reserve University

knm77@case.edu

216-368-1928

Study Officials

• Kylie N Meyer, PhD, MSc

  Case Western Reserve University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 13, 2023
• First Posted: March 24, 2023
• Study Start: March 13, 2023
• Primary Completion: March 16, 2024
• Study Completion: March 16, 2024
• Last Updated: January 9, 2025
• Results First Posted: January 9, 2025

Record last verified: 2024-11

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)