Effects of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program on Resilience in Community-dwelling Older Adults

NCT05779371 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: FJU-IRB C106177
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 39
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Laughter programs are safe, affordable, and age-appropriate activities. Few studies have utilized mixed study designs to look at the impact on resilience in and experiences of participants in such activities.

Conditions

Community-dwelling Older Adults

Keywords

resilience, Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale

  The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91.

  Pre-intervention(T0)

• The Face Scale

  The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).

  Pre-intervention(T0)

• Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale

  The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91

  6-week after intervention (T1)

• The Face Scale

  The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).

  6-week after intervention (T1)

Study Arms (2)

Experimental group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Experiment group A accepted the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) During the intervention, the participants formed a standing circle and could make eye contact. The time was divided into 10 minutes of warm-up (deep breathing, stretching of muscles, expressing various emotions on the face, stretching of limbs) and 30-40 minutes of main exercise (Breathing and Laughing Qigong practice). The main exercise included using the natural breath of laughter to activate the body, turning a fake smile into a real smile and laughter, using different body movements at the same time, producing a variety of types of laughter, and conducting self-emotional awareness and emotional transformation drills to reduce the backlog.

Behavioral: Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program

control group

NO INTERVENTION

The control group received no intervention and was asked to maintain their current lifestyle for 6 weeks following the baseline test.

Interventions

Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program BEHAVIORAL

The protocol of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) combined laughter intervention and mental health promotion courses. It was a two-hour community activity held twice a week for six weeks. The content was 50-60 minutes of a laughter practice program and 50 minutes of mental health lectures, separated by a 10-minute break.

Experimental group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years+
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• (1) age of ≧ 65 years, (2) ability to travel to the location of the activities on their own (independent or partially dependent people with daily activities), and (3) willingness to participate in this activity intervention

You may not qualify if:

• (1) Severe hearing or sensory deficits that cause communication barriers, (2) diagnosis of depression, and (3) hospitalization plans in the next three months.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences: lead

Study Sites (1)

National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences

Taipei, 112303, Taiwan

Location

Related Publications (20)

• Bath PA, Deeg D. Social engagement and health outcomes among older people: introduction to a special section. Eur J Ageing. 2005 Mar;2(1):24-30. doi: 10.1007/s10433-005-0019-4. Epub 2005 Mar 9. No abstract available.

  PMID: 28794713 BACKGROUND

• Ahern NR, Kiehl EM, Sole ML, Byers J. A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2):103-25. doi: 10.1080/01460860600677643.

  PMID: 16772239 RESULT

• Bahari, K., & Lorica, J. D. 2019. The effects of laughter therapy on mental health: An integrative literature review. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 10(3), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2019.v10i03.008

  RESULT

• Crane MF, Searle BJ, Kangas M, Nwiran Y. How resilience is strengthened by exposure to stressors: the systematic self-reflection model of resilience strengthening. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019 Jan;32(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1506640. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

  PMID: 30067067 RESULT

• Dyer JG, McGuinness TM. Resilience: analysis of the concept. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1996 Oct;10(5):276-82. doi: 10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80036-7.

  PMID: 8897710 RESULT

• Ellis JM, Ben-Moshe R, Teshuva K. Laughter yoga activities for older people living in residential aged care homes: A feasibility study. Australas J Ageing. 2017 Sep;36(3):E28-E31. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12447. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

  PMID: 28699684 RESULT

• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.

  PMID: 17695343 RESULT

• Fetters MD, Curry LA, Creswell JW. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec;48(6 Pt 2):2134-56. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12117. Epub 2013 Oct 23.

  PMID: 24279835 RESULT

• Fontes AP, Neri AL. Resilience in aging: literature review. Cien Saude Colet. 2015 May;20(5):1475-95. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232015205.00502014. English, Portuguese.

  PMID: 26017950 RESULT

• Hsieh CJ, Chang C, Tsai G, Wu HF. Empirical study of the influence of a Laughing Qigong Program on long-term care residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015 Feb;15(2):165-73. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12244. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

  PMID: 24533887 RESULT

• Ketefian S. Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups. Invest Educ Enferm. 2015;33(1):164-72. doi: 10.17533/udea.iee.v33n1a19.

  PMID: 26148168 RESULT

• Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Milillo MM, Krause-Sorio B, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Impact of Tai Chi as an adjunct treatment on brain connectivity in geriatric depression. J Affect Disord. 2022 Oct 15;315:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.049. Epub 2022 Jul 26.

  PMID: 35905792 RESULT

• Kuru Alici N, Zorba Bahceli P, Emiroglu ON. The preliminary effects of laughter therapy on loneliness and death anxiety among older adults living in nursing homes: A nonrandomised pilot study. Int J Older People Nurs. 2018 Dec;13(4):e12206. doi: 10.1111/opn.12206. Epub 2018 Jul 13.

  PMID: 30004172 RESULT

• Kirmayer LJ, Pedersen D. Toward a new architecture for global mental health. Transcult Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;51(6):759-76. doi: 10.1177/1363461514557202. Epub 2014 Oct 30.

  PMID: 25358524 RESULT

• Kuiper, N.A. (2012). Theoretical Contributions Humor and Resiliency: Towards a Process Model of Coping and Growth. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 2012, Vol. 8(3), 475-491, doi:10.5964/ejop. v8i3.464

  RESULT

• Lewis, J. P. 2021. The role of laughter in the resilience and wellbeing of Alaska native elders. In The Routledge International Handbook of Indigenous Resilience (pp. 208-221). Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003048428-18

  RESULT

• Li SYH, Bressington D. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2019 Jun;28(3):635-656. doi: 10.1111/inm.12568. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

  PMID: 30656813 RESULT

• Lorish CD, Maisiak R. The Face Scale: a brief, nonverbal method for assessing patient mood. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Jul;29(7):906-9. doi: 10.1002/art.1780290714.

  PMID: 3741503 RESULT

• Madsen W, Ambrens M, Ohl M. Enhancing Resilience in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Rapid Review of the Evidence and Implications for Public Health Practitioners. Front Public Health. 2019 Feb 7;7:14. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00014. eCollection 2019.

  PMID: 30792974 RESULT

• Mertens, D.M. and Hesse-Biber, S. (2012). Triangulation and Mixed Methods Research: Provocative Positions. Editorial. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 6(2) 75-79 DOI: 10.1177/1558689812437100

  RESULT

Study Officials

• Chia Jung Hsieh

  National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Blinded to group membership, research assistants collected data from both groups.
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Ph.D., RN, Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 9, 2023
• First Posted: March 22, 2023
• Study Start: July 2, 2019
• Primary Completion: December 30, 2020
• Study Completion: July 31, 2021
• Last Updated: March 22, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TW (1)