Effect of Breathing and Muscle Relaxation Technique in Individual With Essential Hypertension

NCT05684666 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: RRC-2019-07
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 64
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Primary hypertension, also called essential hypertension, is a rise in blood pressure (BP) with no identifiable cause. The most prevalent form of hypertension is essential hypertension, which involves 95% of patients with hypertension.Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is learning to relax some groups of muscles while paying attention to the feelings connected with both the tense and relaxed states.It is generally established that regular slow (deep) breathing exercises enhance respiratory and cardiovascular function by enhancing parasympathetic tone and reducing sympathetic activity, thus reducing BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, and stress levels in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of slow breathing and PMR technique on BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.

Conditions

Essential Hypertension

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

  SBP was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.

  8 Weeks

• Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

  DBP was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.

  8 Weeks

• Heart Rate (HR)

  Heart Rate was measured using a portable electronic sphygmomanometer.

  8 Weeks

• Respiratory Rate (RR)

  RR was measured manually as the number of breaths a participant takes per minute.

  8 Weeks

• Perceived Stress (PS)

  Perceived Stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale (PSS) with ten items, each with a five-point Likert scale (where a score of 0 indicates "never," a score of 1 indicates "nearly never," a score of 2 "occasionally," a score of 3 "very often," and a score of 4 "often").

  8 Weeks

Study Arms (4)

SBE Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) was performed by the participants of SBE group. Sixteen participants included in this group.

Other: Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE)

PMR Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique was performed by the participants of the PMR group. It included 16-participants for the study.

Other: Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique

Combined Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Sixty participants from the combined group performed both Slow Breathing Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique in this study.

Other: Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE); Other: Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

No intervention was received/performed by the sixteen participants of the control group in this study.

Interventions

Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) OTHER

Slow Breathing Exercise (SBE) delivered in a relaxed supine posture on a couch with keeping the feel flat and knee flexed to 90 degree. Participants were instructed to make six breaths per minute for 30 minutes per session, twice a week for 4 weeks.

Combined Group; SBE Group

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique OTHER

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Technique delivered in a relaxed supine posture on a couch with keeping the feel flat and knee flexed to 90 degree. Participants were instructed to complete all sixteen steps of PMR technique for 30 minutes per session, twice a week for 4 weeks.

Combined Group; PMR Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 30 Years - 60 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Participants with essential hypertension, a diastolic BP between 90 to 109mm of Hg, a systolic BP of more than 140mm of Hg,
• Aged between 30 to 60 years, and
• Self co-operation.

You may not qualify if:

• Participants with secondary hypertension, any physical abnormalities that may disturb the exercise intervention,
• Participant who cannot perform any relaxation or breathing exercises, and
• Non-cooperation of participants.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• King Saud University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, king Saud University

Riyadh, Riyadh 11433, 10219, Saudi Arabia

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Essential Hypertension

Interventions

Autogenic Training; Methods

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hypertension; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hypnosis; Mind-Body Therapies; Complementary Therapies; Therapeutics; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Investigative Techniques

Study Officials

• AMIR IQBAL, MPT

  King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, P.BOX 10219, Saudi Arabia

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Prinicipal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 5, 2023
• First Posted: January 13, 2023
• Study Start: February 21, 2019
• Primary Completion: September 30, 2019
• Study Completion: October 26, 2019
• Last Updated: August 25, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

SA (1)