Effect of Exercise and MBI on Female Students' Emotion Regulation and Inhibitory Control of Smartphone Addiction

NCT05563285 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: Huange Liu
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 66
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Mobile-based technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, and in the past decade, smartphone use has become common among today's university students, who have mental health. A lot of attention has been paid in the media to the existence of "smartphone addiction" or problematic smartphone use(Sohn et al., 2019).Overuse of smartphones can cause health problems(Adams \& Kisler, 2013; Demirci et al., 2015). As an interdisciplinary subject, this study aimed at university students' smartphone addiction behavior research, understand the information era of college students' way of behavior patterns, exercise and psychological intervention strategy is put forward, to evaluate exercise and MBI intervention,and reduction of university students' smartphone addiction.

Conditions

Smartphone Addiction; Mental Health Issue

Keywords

Exercise; Mindfulness-Based Intervention; Smartphone Addiction; Emotion Regulation; Inhibitory Control; Female University Students

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (9)

• Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI; Assessing Change)

  Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) (Leung, L. ,2008), which was translated into Chinese (Huang H,et,al.,2014) and is used widely in Chinese contexts (Zhao Y, 2019 \& Chen Y,et,al.,2019). The MPAI contains 17 items assessing four domains: inability to control craving, feeling anxious and lost, withdrawal/escape, and productivity loss. Each item is responded to from 1 ("not at all") to 5 ("always"). Final scores were summed and higher total scores reflect higher levels of smartphone addiction. The Cronbach's alpha of the MPAI was 0.86 in the present study.

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Smartphone behavior (Time spent on smartphone use; Assessing Change)

  Subjects (respondents) will answer through six relevant time categories. "Less than 10 minutes", "11-60 minutes", "1-2 hours", "3-4 hours", "5-6 hours", or "more than 6 hours". For the type of functionality of the smartphone software used, the subjects (respondents) used a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = usually, 4 = always).

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Heart rate (HR; Assessing Change from physiological state)

  Heart rate is used to measure exercise intensity, and Emotion regulation involves emotional responses (physiological components) such as heart rate (HR).

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Galvanic skin response (GSR; Assessing Change of physiological state)

  Emotion regulation involves emotional responses (physiological components) such as galvanic skin response (GSR)(Bosse, 2017).

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Electroencephalography (EEG; Assessing Change of physiological state)

  Emotion regulation involves emotional responses (physiological components) such as electroencephalography (EEG).

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Assessing Change)

  The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross \& John, 2003)

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Positive and negative emotion scores (Assessing Change)

  Positive and negative emotion scores measured at different time points

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Response Inhibition (Assessing Change of Inhibitory control)

  The measured variables were reaction time (RT) and accuracy.

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Craving (Assessing Change)

  Craving for smartphones (modified desire for drinking questionnaire: Love, James, \& Willner, 1998)

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Psychological Symptoms (Assessing Change)

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

• Loneliness (Assessing Change)

  Assessments will be conducted at baseline (after the screening), 4th week (1month) after the baseline, 8th week (2rd month)

Study Arms (2)

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients in the intervention group will be provided exercise and mindfulness-based intervention was shown for the 1-8 weeks.

Behavioral: Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention; Behavioral: Control Group

Control Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Control group will not receive exercise and mindfulness-based intervention however, primary care service providers and mental health professionals will provide any required routine care according to their clinical judgment and available resources.

Behavioral: Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention; Behavioral: Control Group

Interventions

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention BEHAVIORAL

1.Exercise Intervention 1st-2nd week: 15 min for Brisk walking. Intensity: HRmax (60%-65%); CR10 (5-6). 3rd-4th week: 20 min for Brisk walking. Intensity:HRmax (65%-70%); CR10 (6-7). 5th-6th week: 25 min for Brisk walking. BW: Intensity: HRmax(70%-75%); CR10 (6-7). 7th -8th week:30 min for Brisk walking. Exercise Intervention basic content: (1) Gradually increase the walking speed; (2) Slowly reduce the speed; (3) Rest for 5 min. 2\. Mindfulness-Based Intervention 1st-2nd week: 30 min for mindfulness training. 3rd-4th week: 35 min for mindfulness training. 5th-6th week: 40 min for mindfulness training. 7th-8th week: 45 min for mindfulness training. Mindfulness-Based Intervention basic content: (1) Yoga; (2) Mindful breathing; (3) Mindfulness meditation; (4) Body scan; (5) Mindfulness awareness; (6) RAIN technique; (7) Mindful Stretching; (8) Mindful walking; (9) Mindful running

Control Group; Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

Control Group BEHAVIORAL

The control group maintained their classes as usual, usual physical education sessions, and usual daily life.

Control Group; Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 23 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Female.
• Aged 18 to 23.
• Good health, no apparent speech disorder.
• According to Leung's assessment scale, MAPI scores had to be more than 40 (out of 85) (Leung, 2008) .
• Without cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, or pulmonary diseases, symptoms, psychological disorders, or a history of alcohol abuse.And no participation in similar research projects before (using medication for psychiatric problems and undergoing other psychotherapeutic remedies)
• Have time to ensure that you can attend every counseling on time.
• They did no longer take part in any structured exercise in the past three months (e.g., walking, Tai Chi, basketball, badminton, running, yoga, weight training, etc.), and without experience of mindfulness training.
• Subjects were able to participate and complete exercise training independently without any assistive devices.
• Capable to be engaged, participate or respond to the research question,and willing to give informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Those who satisfy any of the following conditions shall be excluded:
• Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) scores below 40 They had major disease (respiratory illness, musculoskeletal disorder, dementia and metabolic, cardiovascular disease, and renal, or pulmonary diseases) and any psychosis or other severe psychiatric disorders. Records of extreme physical or psychological problems, which includes different addictive disorders, psychotic disorders, primary depression, borderline personality disorder, or antisocial character disease primarily based on the clinical psychologist's view or observations and oral questioning.
• Who are unable to move due to injury or illness and drop out of school .
• Those who were undergoing other psychotherapeutic treatments were also excluded from the study.
• Excluded students with sports contraindications and time conflicts.
• They have participated with exercise in the past three months (e.g., walking, running, weight training, etc.)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Universiti Putra Malaysia: lead

Study Sites (1)

Yulin University

Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, China

RECRUITING

Related Publications (7)

• Billones R, Saligan L. What Works in Mindfulness Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Systematic Review. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J. 2020;5(1):1-11. doi: 10.31372/20200501.1082.

  PMID: 32704524 BACKGROUND

• Chang YK, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res. 2012 May 9;1453:87-101. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068. Epub 2012 Mar 4.

  PMID: 22480735 BACKGROUND

• Fan H, Qi S, Huang G, Xu Z. Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Inhibitory Control of College Students with Smartphone Addiction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Aug 5;2021:5530126. doi: 10.1155/2021/5530126. eCollection 2021.

  PMID: 34394381 BACKGROUND

• Garland EL, Howard MO. Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2018 Apr 18;13(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s13722-018-0115-3.

  PMID: 29669599 BACKGROUND

• Liu S, Xiao T, Yang L, Loprinzi PD. Exercise as an Alternative Approach for Treating Smartphone Addiction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Random Controlled Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 15;16(20):3912. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16203912.

  PMID: 31618879 BACKGROUND

• Stanton MV, Matsuura J, Fairchild JK, Lohnberg JA, Bayley PJ. Mindfulness as a Weight Loss Treatment for Veterans. Front Nutr. 2016 Aug 15;3:30. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00030. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 27574603 BACKGROUND

• Zhou J, Wang L. Differences in the Effects of Reading and Aerobic Exercise Interventions on Inhibitory Control of College Students With Mobile Phone Addiction. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;13:797780. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797780. eCollection 2022.

  PMID: 35299822 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Internet Addiction Disorder; Motor Activity; Emotional Regulation

Interventions

Exercise; Control Groups

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Technology Addiction; Behavior, Addictive; Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Behavior; Self-Control; Social Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Epidemiologic Research Design; Epidemiologic Methods; Investigative Techniques; Research Design; Methods

Study Officials

• Liu Huange

  University Putra Malaysia

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Liu Huange

CONTACT

+8615619908568; liuhuange568@gmail.com

Soh Kim Geok

CONTACT

03-97698153; kims@upm.edu.my

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: In this experiment, the combination of Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention method was used to intervene the smartphone addiction of female university students' emotion regulation and inhibitory control compared with the usual PE sessions method. Each parallel group has female separately.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 25, 2022
• First Posted: October 3, 2022
• Study Start: September 12, 2022
• Primary Completion: December 25, 2022
• Study Completion: January 20, 2023
• Last Updated: October 4, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CN (1)