NCT05524909

Brief Summary

Background: Communication of information about risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) alone has not been associated with changes in habitual behaviors among individuals of European ancestry. In contrast, the use of wearable devices that monitor physical activity (PA) has been associated with changes in behavior in some studies. It is uncertain whether risk communication might enhance the effects of wearable devices. We aim to assess the effects on wearable-device-measured PA of communicating genetic risk for T2D alone or in combination with goal setting and activity prompts from a wearable device among overweight or obese East Asians. Methods: In a parallel group, randomized controlled trial, a total of 355 overweight or obese East Asian individuals aged 40-60 years will be allocated into one of three groups: 1 control and 2 intervention groups. Blood samples will be used for estimation of T2D genetic risk and analysis of metabolic risk markers. Genetic risk of T2D will be estimated based on 113 SNPs associated with T2D among East Asians using an established method. All three groups will receive a Fitbit device. Both intervention groups will be given T2D genetic risk estimates along with lifestyle advice, but one of the intervention groups will additionally use Fitbit's step-goal setting and prompt functions. Questionnaires and physical measurements will be administered at baseline, immediately after intervention delivery, and 6 and 12-month post-intervention following standard operating procedures. The primary outcome is time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA measured through the Fitbit. Secondary outcomes include other parameters of wearable-device-measured PA, sedentary time, and sleep, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, five intermediate metabolic risk markers, hand grip strength, self-reported PA, self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking status, and a list of psychological variables. Discussion: This study will be the first randomized controlled trial using the combination of communication of T2D genetic risk with standard functions of wearable devices in any population. Findings will inform strategies to prevent T2D through lifestyle modification.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
355

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Nov 2022

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

August 30, 2022

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 1, 2022

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

November 1, 2022

Completed
2.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 30, 2025

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 30, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

May 4, 2026

Status Verified

November 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

2.5 years

First QC Date

August 30, 2022

Last Update Submit

April 28, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

type 2 diabetesphysical activitygenetic riskwearable technologyrandomized controlled trialmovement behaviornutrition

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Changes in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Minutes between baseline and Immediate post-intervention, between baseline and 12-month post-intervention, and between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Minutes (per day) will be objectively measured by the Fitbit tracker.

    Baseline, 12-month post-intervention, 6-month follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (14)

  • Changes in body mass index (BMI) between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Baseline and 6-month follow-up

  • Changes in systolic blood pressure between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Baseline and 6-month follow-up

  • Changes in diastolic blood pressure between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Baseline and 6-month follow-up

  • Changes in hand grip strength between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Baseline and 6-month follow-up

  • Changes in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between baseline and 6-month follow-up

    Baseline and 6-month follow-up

  • +9 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (3)

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

The control group will receive a Fitbit device

Intervention Group - Genetic Risk Estimate

EXPERIMENTAL

This intervention group will receive an estimated genetic risk and e-leaflet of type 2 diabetes in addition to the Fitbit .

Genetic: Genetic Risk Estimate

Intervention Group - Genetic Risk Estimate + Fitbit Functions

EXPERIMENTAL

This intervention group will receive a Fitbit device, but have a Fitbit step goal set 10% higher than their baseline step count, and use its prompt functions, in addition to the genetic risk estimate and e-leaflet.

Device: Genetic Risk Estimate + Fitbit Functions

Interventions

The genetic risk information includes individual remaining-lifetime and 10-year genetic risk estimates for T2D as well as a dichotomized genetic risk category: 'increased genetic risk' (if their genetic risk is higher than the average population risk) or 'no increased genetic risk' (if their genetic risk is not higher than the average population risk).

Intervention Group - Genetic Risk Estimate

The genetic risk information includes individual remaining-lifetime and 10-year genetic risk estimates for T2D as well as a dichotomized genetic risk category: 'increased genetic risk' (if their genetic risk is higher than the average population risk) or 'no increased genetic risk' (if their genetic risk is not higher than the average population risk). The two unique Fitbit functions are step goal setting and prompts. Individualized daily step goals will be set to be 10% higher than participants' own baseline Fitbit step counts. The 'Reminder To Move' function of Fitbit will be used as a prompt to remind participants to reduce sedentary time and walk at least 250 steps/hour within a specified timeframe (i.e., from 9am to 10pm in the proposed research). If the user has not accumulated at least 250 steps/hour, a reminder (for example, 150 steps to go) will appear on the Fitbit screen at 10 minutes before the hour (for example, at 10:50 a.m.) and cause the device to vibrate.

Intervention Group - Genetic Risk Estimate + Fitbit Functions

Eligibility Criteria

Age40 Years - 60 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • East Asian ancestry
  • Aged 40-60 years
  • overweight or obese (i.e. measured BMI ≥23 kilograms/meters2 according to the WHO BMI-defined cut-offs for Asians)
  • Able to perform daily-living physical activity
  • using English/Chinese and a smartphone in Hong Kong

You may not qualify if:

  • have been diagnosed with any type of diabetes
  • pregnant or lactating
  • unable to perform daily-life physical activities (determined through Physical activity Readiness Questionnaire \[PAR-Q\])
  • participating in another research study or exercise programs
  • had experience of genetic testing
  • and/or cannot comprehend English/Chinese (i.e., sole language medium for the study).

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Exercise Physiology Lab, The University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Ho HHS, Chen Z, Godino J, Multhaup M, Chan DKC, Au Yeung SL, Luo S, Chung BHY, Griffin S, Kim Y. Effects of Communicating Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Wearable Technologies on Behavioral Outcomes in East Asians: Statistical Analysis Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Nov 5;14:e65012. doi: 10.2196/65012.

  • Kim Y, Godino JG, Cheung FLT, Multhaup M, Chan DKCKC, Chen Z, Ho HHS, Tse THT, Au Yeung SLR, Lou S, Zhang JH, Wang M, Chung B, Griffin S. Effect of communicating genetic risk of type 2 diabetes and wearable technologies on wearable device-measured behavioural outcomes in East Asians: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2024 Dec 4;14(12):e082635. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082635.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor ActivityGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BehaviorDisease SusceptibilityDisease AttributesPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsDiabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System Diseases

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Group allocation will be concealed from study staff until the 7-day pre-intervention period begins (for preparation of corresponding e-leaflets, genetic risk estimates and/or baseline Fitbit step goal calculations), and from participants until the interventions are delivered. Given the nature of the interventions delivered, it will be impossible for participants to be blinded to the specific intervention they receive once the initial interventions are provided; however, study staff analyzing participants' de-identified data will remain blinded to participant randomization assignment.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: parallel-group, open randomized controlled trial
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

August 30, 2022

First Posted

September 1, 2022

Study Start

November 1, 2022

Primary Completion

April 30, 2025

Study Completion

June 30, 2025

Last Updated

May 4, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-11

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

The datasets analysed during the current study and statistical code are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, as is the full protocol.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
The datasets analysed during the current study and statistical code will be available after the completion of the study
Access Criteria
IPD data can be accessed based on reasonable request by contacting the corresponding author.

Locations