Effects of Perioperative Transauricular Vagus Nerve Electrical Stimulation on POD, POCD and CPSP

NCT05439707 | Unknown DMC

• 1 other identifier: XuzhouCH20220620
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 600
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occur in 11-51% of patients after surgery, and its prevalence increases with age. The occurrence of delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, worse functional recovery. Orthopedic procedures and specifically joint replacements have been considered as a major risk for development of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Approximately 13-44% of patients will develop CPSP after knee or hip arthOpioid abuseroplasty. CPSP may cause the discomfort, distress, disability and opioid abuse. Mounting evidence has revealed that inflammation triggered by surgical trauma plays a key role in POD, POCD and CPSP. Recent studies found that vagus nerve stimulation showed the suppression of inflammation. In this study, the effect of perioperative transauricular vagus nerve stimulation on the prognosis of patients undergoing arthroplasty will be investigated, providing potential solutions for the prevention and treatment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, postoperative delirium and chronic postsurgical pain.

Conditions

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction; Postoperative Delirium; Chronic Post Operative Pain

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Postoperative cognitive function

  The incidence of POCD was compared between the experimental group and the control group.The preoperative and postoperative differences of the following scales were calculated and compared: Digit Span (forward and backward), Visual Retention and Paired Associate Verbal Learning subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Symbol subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised, Halstead-Reitan Trail Making Test (Part A), Corsi Block Test and Grooved Pegboard Test (favored and unfavored hand). The standard deviation (SD) for each test was computed from the preoperative scores. A participant whose postoperative performance declined by ≥1 SD as compared to each preoperative test score on ≥2 tests was classified as POCD.

  1 month after the surgery.

• Postoperative cognitive function

  The incidence of POCD was compared between the experimental group and the control group.The preoperative and postoperative differences of the following scales were calculated and compared: Digit Span (forward and backward), Visual Retention and Paired Associate Verbal Learning subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Symbol subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised, Halstead-Reitan Trail Making Test (Part A), Corsi Block Test and Grooved Pegboard Test (favored and unfavored hand). The standard deviation (SD) for each test was computed from the preoperative scores. A participant whose postoperative performance declined by ≥1 SD as compared to each preoperative test score on ≥2 tests was classified as POCD.

  3 months after the surgery.

• Postoperative delirium

  The incidence of POD was compared between the experimental group and the control group.Postoperative delirium was assessed by the Delirium Assessment Scale (CAM-ICU)

  Consecutive 7 days after the surgery

• Acute postoperative pain

  The incidence of acute postoperative pain was compared between the experimental group and the control group.Acute postoperative pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for 7 consecutive days within 1 week after surgery.

  Consecutive 7 days after the surgery for acute pain

• Chronic Postsurgical pain

  The incidence of chronic postoperative pain (CPSP) was assessed by the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS).The incidence of CPSP was compared between the experimental group and the control group.

  3 months after the surgery for chronic pain

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• TNF-α level in peripheral venous blood

  1 day before the surgery, Postoperative day 1, 3, 5

• IL-6 level in peripheral venous blood

  1 day before the surgery, Postoperative day 1, 3, 5

• IL-1β level in peripheral venous blood

  1 day before the surgery, Postoperative day 1, 3, 5

• cortisol level in peripheral venous blood

  1 day before the surgery, Postoperative day 1, 3, 5

Study Arms (2)

Experimental group

EXPERIMENTAL

The transaricular vagus nerve stimulator was placed in the left ear trunk, which is dominated only by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Continuous stimulation was performed at a frequency of 25Hz with pulse width of 300 μs. The stimulation was adjusted to be higher than the perception threshold and lower than the pain threshold. Each stimulation lasted for 30 minutes, three times per day (morning, noon, evening), from 1 day before surgery to 7 days after surgery, and the treatment lasted for 9 consecutive days.

Device: transaricular vagus nerve stimulation

Control group

SHAM COMPARATOR

The transaricular vagus nerve stimulator was placed in the same position as the experimental group, covered with an insulating film and placed at the site of the stimulation, so that the patient could not actually receive the electrical stimulation. Continuous stimulation was performed at a frequency of 25Hz and pulse width of 300 μs, and the stimulation was adjusted to be higher than the perception threshold and lower than the pain threshold. Each stimulation lasted for 30 minutes, three times per day (morning, noon, evening), from 1 day before surgery to 7 days after surgery, for 9 consecutive days.

Device: fake transaricular vagus nerve stimulation

Interventions

transaricular vagus nerve stimulation DEVICE

The transaricular vagus nerve stimulator was placed in the left ear trunk, which is dominated only by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Continuous stimulation was performed at a frequency of 25Hz with pulse width of 300 μs. The stimulation was adjusted to be higher than the perception threshold and lower than the pain threshold. Each stimulation lasted for 30 minutes, three times per day (morning, noon, evening), from 1 day before surgery to 7 days after surgery, and the treatment lasted for 9 consecutive days.

Experimental group

fake transaricular vagus nerve stimulation DEVICE

The transaricular vagus nerve stimulator was placed in the same position as the experimental group, covered with an insulating film and placed at the site of the stimulation, so that the patient could not actually receive the electrical stimulation. Continuous stimulation was performed at a frequency of 25Hz and pulse width of 300 μs, and the stimulation was adjusted to be higher than the perception threshold and lower than the pain threshold. Each stimulation lasted for 30 minutes, three times per day (morning, noon, evening), from 1 day before surgery to 7 days after surgery, for 9 consecutive days.

Control group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 50 Years - 80 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• to 80 years old.
• ASA grade I-Ⅲ.
• elective knee or hip replacement.

You may not qualify if:

• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \< 23.
• Education years\<7.
• Peptic ulcer disease, serious cardiac-cerebral vascular disease.
• Neurological or psychiatric disorders.
• History of drug and alcohol abuse.
• Hepatic and/or kidney dysfunction.
• BMI\>35.
• Patients on antidepressants.
• ASA \>Ⅲ.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Xuzhou Central Hospital: lead
• The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University: collaborator
• The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Xuzhou Central Hospital

Changzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China

Location

Related Publications (11)

• Glare P, Aubrey KR, Myles PS. Transition from acute to chronic pain after surgery. Lancet. 2019 Apr 13;393(10180):1537-1546. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30352-6.

  PMID: 30983589 RESULT

• Lavand'homme P. Transition from acute to chronic pain after surgery. Pain. 2017 Apr;158 Suppl 1:S50-S54. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000809. No abstract available.

  PMID: 28134653 RESULT

• Hovens IB, Schoemaker RG, van der Zee EA, Absalom AR, Heineman E, van Leeuwen BL. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Involvement of neuroinflammation and neuronal functioning. Brain Behav Immun. 2014 May;38:202-10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 8.

  PMID: 24517920 RESULT

• Eckenhoff RG, Maze M, Xie Z, Culley DJ, Goodlin SJ, Zuo Z, Wei H, Whittington RA, Terrando N, Orser BA, Eckenhoff MF. Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: State of the Preclinical Science. Anesthesiology. 2020 Jan;132(1):55-68. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002956.

  PMID: 31834869 RESULT

• Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D. Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Oct;125(4):492-504. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.063. Epub 2020 Aug 11.

  PMID: 32798069 RESULT

• Mohanty R, Lindroth H, Twadell S, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Sanders RD. A pilot study of neural correlates of perioperative executive function associated with noncardiac surgery in the elderly. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Nov;123(5):e517-e518. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.001. Epub 2019 Aug 30. No abstract available.

  PMID: 31474351 RESULT

• Zhu Y, Zhou M, Jia X, Zhang W, Shi Y, Bai S, Rampes S, Vizcaychipi MP, Wu C, Wang K, Ma D, Yang Q, Wang L. Inflammation Disrupts the Brain Network of Executive Function after Cardiac Surgery. Ann Surg. 2023 Mar 1;277(3):e689-e698. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005041. Epub 2021 Jul 2.

  PMID: 34225294 RESULT

• Liu CH, Yang MH, Zhang GZ, Wang XX, Li B, Li M, Woelfer M, Walter M, Wang L. Neural networks and the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depression. J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Feb 12;17(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01732-5.

  PMID: 32050990 RESULT

• Huffman WJ, Subramaniyan S, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Grill WM, Terrando N. Modulation of neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction using percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in mice. Brain Stimul. 2019 Jan-Feb;12(1):19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

  PMID: 30337243 RESULT

• Redgrave J, Day D, Leung H, Laud PJ, Ali A, Lindert R, Majid A. Safety and tolerability of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve stimulation in humans; a systematic review. Brain Stimul. 2018 Nov-Dec;11(6):1225-1238. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

  PMID: 30217648 RESULT

• Farmer AD, Strzelczyk A, Finisguerra A, Gourine AV, Gharabaghi A, Hasan A, Burger AM, Jaramillo AM, Mertens A, Majid A, Verkuil B, Badran BW, Ventura-Bort C, Gaul C, Beste C, Warren CM, Quintana DS, Hammerer D, Freri E, Frangos E, Tobaldini E, Kaniusas E, Rosenow F, Capone F, Panetsos F, Ackland GL, Kaithwas G, O'Leary GH, Genheimer H, Jacobs HIL, Van Diest I, Schoenen J, Redgrave J, Fang J, Deuchars J, Szeles JC, Thayer JF, More K, Vonck K, Steenbergen L, Vianna LC, McTeague LM, Ludwig M, Veldhuizen MG, De Couck M, Casazza M, Keute M, Bikson M, Andreatta M, D'Agostini M, Weymar M, Betts M, Prigge M, Kaess M, Roden M, Thai M, Schuster NM, Montano N, Hansen N, Kroemer NB, Rong P, Fischer R, Howland RH, Sclocco R, Sellaro R, Garcia RG, Bauer S, Gancheva S, Stavrakis S, Kampusch S, Deuchars SA, Wehner S, Laborde S, Usichenko T, Polak T, Zaehle T, Borges U, Teckentrup V, Jandackova VK, Napadow V, Koenig J. International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020). Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Mar 23;14:568051. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.568051. eCollection 2020.

  PMID: 33854421 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Emergence Delirium; Pain, Postoperative

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Postoperative Complications; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition Disorders; Neurocognitive Disorders; Mental Disorders; Delirium; Confusion; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pain

Study Officials

• Yangzi Zhu, Doctor

  Xuzhou Central Hospital

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Liwei Wang, Doctor

  Xuzhou Central Hospital

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Junli Cao, PhD & MD

  Xuzhou Medical University

  STUDY CHAIR

• Daqing Ma, PhD & MD

  Imperial College London

  STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Yangzi Zhu, Doctor

CONTACT

+86 18168779150; zhuyz@188.com

Rui Yao, Maser

CONTACT

+86 18761341804; yaorui_edu@163.com

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: QUADRUPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 20, 2022
• First Posted: June 30, 2022
• Study Start: October 1, 2022
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2024
• Study Completion: September 1, 2024
• Last Updated: September 30, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CN (1)