The Effect of Mandibular Advancement Devices on Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

NCT05387122 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Pro00108618
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 4
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a type of disordered breathing defined by the repetitive obstruction of airflow during sleep due to upper airway collapse. Each obstructive event contributes to decreased blood oxygen, or hypoxia. OSA has been associated with various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. A factor in this association may be the decrease in blood vessel health and the marked over activation of the sympathetic nervous system that is observed in OSA due to nighttime hypoxia. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for maintaining heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) balance. Elevated sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) is a likely cause of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most accepted treatment for OSA and has been shown to improve high blood pressure and SNA in patients. An alternative therapy for OSA is a type of removable oral appliance known as a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Currently, there is no research directly measuring SNA in OSA patients using MADs. In addition to other cardiovascular markers, the investigators would like to directly assess SNA during a MAD intervention using the gold standard technique of microneurography. The investigators believe this will provide important information for the management of OSA, as levels of SNA are known to respond to both acute and chronic levels of hypoxia. Improved heart and blood vessel markers could further support MAD use, providing an important alternative therapy for those that can not tolerate CPAP.

Conditions

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (7)

• Difference in Sympathetic Nerve Activity

  Muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Direct multi-unit postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) will be obtained via microneurography. A sterile Tungsten recording microelectrode (35 mm long, 200 μm in diameter, tapered to a 1- to 5-μm uninsulated tip) will be inserted into a muscle nerve fascicle of a sympathetic nerve bundle, of the peroneal nerve. A reference electrode will also be inserted subcutaneously 1-3 cm from the recording electrode. MSNA will be obtained by manually manipulating the microelectrode until a characteristic bursting pattern is observed A trained researcher will record and analyze to quantify sympathetic activity as: burst frequency (bursts/min), burst incidence (bursts/ 100 heart beats), burst amplitude (normalized to largest resting amplitude), and total activity (burst frequency multiplied by mean normalized burst amplitude)

  3 months

• Difference in Cardiovascular markers - Heart Rate

  All cardiovascular parameters will be acquired using an analog-to-digital converter (Powerlab/16SP ML 880; ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) interfaced with a personal computer. Commercially available software will be used to analyze ventilatory and cardiovascular variables (LabChart V7.1, ADinstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). Throughout all procedures, heart rate will be determined from a standard lead III electrocardiogram (ML 132, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). Heart Rate will be recorded in beats/ minute

  3 months

• Difference in Cardiovascular markers- Blood Pressure

  All cardiovascular parameters will be acquired using an analog-to-digital converter (Powerlab/16SP ML 880; ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) interfaced with a personal computer. Commercially available software will be used to analyze ventilatory and cardiovascular variables (LabChart V7.1, ADinstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). Throughout all procedures, Blood pressure will be recorded beat-by-beat by finger pulse photoplethysmograph; mmHg.

  3 months

• Fasted blood sample- Neurotransmitters

  Fasted blood samples (\~30ml) will be analyzed for sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters (Norepinephrine, Epinephrine,)

  3 months

• Fasted blood sample- Sex Hormones

  Fasted blood samples (\~30ml) will be analyzed for sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)

  3 months

• Endothelial function- time to peak dilation

  Flow Mediated Dilation: This will be assessed in the brachial artery, using an ultrasound system. A sphygmomanometer cuff will be placed and inflated around the forearm to a supra-systolic pressure (250 mmHg) to occlude forearm blood flow for 5 min. After this time period, the cuff will be rapidly deflated (\~1 s). Baseline brachial artery blood flow velocity and diameter will be recorded for 1 minute before cuff inflation, and for 3.5 min beginning 30 s prior to cuff release. (FMD, time to maximal dilation; s)

  3 months

• Endothelial function- Flow mediated dilation

  Flow Mediated Dilation: This will be assessed in the brachial artery, using an ultrasound system. A sphygmomanometer cuff will be placed and inflated around the forearm to a supra-systolic pressure (250 mmHg) to occlude forearm blood flow for 5 min. After this time period, the cuff will be rapidly deflated (\~1 s). Baseline brachial artery blood flow velocity and diameter will be recorded for 1 minute before cuff inflation, and for 3.5 min beginning 30 s prior to cuff release. Percent change in artery diameter will be calculated.

  3 months

Interventions

mandibular advancement device (MAD) DEVICE

mandibular advancement device (MAD) is a removable oral appliance. It is an alternative therapy for patients of Obstructive Sleep Apnea who are non compliant to Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) which is the most accepted therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 70 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Volunteers with mild to moderate OSA will be recruited with the assistance of referring dentists who are certified to provide MADs under the Alberta Dental Association \& College guidelines. Participants will be included if they are between the ages of 18-70 years, initiating adjustable MAD therapy with their provider and no medical history of heart failure, cardiopulmonary and renal disease

You may qualify if:

• Between ages of 18-70
• Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and prescribed with Mandibular Advancement Device
• No medical history of cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal diseases

You may not qualify if:

• Any known cardiovascular, respiratory or pulmonary disease
• Have a history of smoking regularly in past 6 months
• Pre-existing symptomatic non-respiratory sleep disorder (restless leg syndrome, chronic insomnia)
• if more than 50% of their observed apneas are due to sleep apnea

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Alberta: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada

Location

Related Publications (15)

• Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1897-904. doi: 10.1172/JCI118235.

  PMID: 7560081 BACKGROUND

• Henderson LA, Fatouleh RH, Lundblad LC, McKenzie DK, Macefield VG. Effects of 12 Months Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Sympathetic Activity Related Brainstem Function and Structure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Neurosci. 2016 Mar 10;10:90. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00090. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 27013952 BACKGROUND

• de Vries GE, Wijkstra PJ, Houwerzijl EJ, Kerstjens HAM, Hoekema A. Cardiovascular effects of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Aug;40:55-68. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.004. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

  PMID: 29195726 RESULT

• Ferguson KA, Cartwright R, Rogers R, Schmidt-Nowara W. Oral appliances for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep. 2006 Feb;29(2):244-62. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.2.244.

  PMID: 16494093 RESULT

• Imes CC, Baniak LM, Choi J, Luyster FS, Morris JL, Ren D, Chasens ER. Correlates of Endothelial Function in Older Adults With Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019 Jan/Feb;34(1):E1-E7. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000536.

  PMID: 30303893 RESULT

• Lopez-Jimenez F, Sert Kuniyoshi FH, Gami A, Somers VK. Obstructive sleep apnea: implications for cardiac and vascular disease. Chest. 2008 Mar;133(3):793-804. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-0800. No abstract available.

  PMID: 18321908 RESULT

• Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet. 2005 Mar 19-25;365(9464):1046-53. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71141-7.

  PMID: 15781100 RESULT

• Meah VL, Busch SA, Jones KE, Davenport MH, Steinback CD. A review of acute responses, after-effects and chronic complications related to microneurography. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019 Oct;130(10):1781-1788. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.228. Epub 2019 Jul 15.

  PMID: 31401486 RESULT

• Ning Y, Zhang TS, Wen WW, Li K, Yang YX, Qin YW, Zhang HN, Du YH, Li LY, Yang S, Yang YY, Zhu MM, Jiao XL, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wei YX. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Breath. 2019 Mar;23(1):77-86. doi: 10.1007/s11325-018-1662-2. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

  PMID: 29682699 RESULT

• Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 May 1;177(9):1006-14. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws342. Epub 2013 Apr 14.

  PMID: 23589584 RESULT

• Phillips CL, Grunstein RR, Darendeliler MA, Mihailidou AS, Srinivasan VK, Yee BJ, Marks GB, Cistulli PA. Health outcomes of continuous positive airway pressure versus oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Apr 15;187(8):879-87. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201212-2223OC.

  PMID: 23413266 RESULT

• Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL, Gottlieb DJ, Newman AB, O'Connor GT, Rapoport DM, Redline S, Resnick HE, Robbins JA, Shahar E, Unruh ML, Samet JM. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2009 Aug;6(8):e1000132. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000132. Epub 2009 Aug 18.

  PMID: 19688045 RESULT

• Thijssen DHJ, Bruno RM, van Mil ACCM, Holder SM, Faita F, Greyling A, Zock PL, Taddei S, Deanfield JE, Luscher T, Green DJ, Ghiadoni L. Expert consensus and evidence-based recommendations for the assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans. Eur Heart J. 2019 Aug 7;40(30):2534-2547. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz350.

  PMID: 31211361 RESULT

• Zinchuk A, Yaggi HK. Phenotypic Subtypes of OSA: A Challenge and Opportunity for Precision Medicine. Chest. 2020 Feb;157(2):403-420. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.09.002. Epub 2019 Sep 17.

  PMID: 31539538 RESULT

• Yamamoto U, Nishizaka M, Tsuda H, Tsutsui H, Ando SI. Crossover comparison between CPAP and mandibular advancement device with adherence monitor about the effects on endothelial function, blood pressure and symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Heart Vessels. 2019 Oct;34(10):1692-1702. doi: 10.1007/s00380-019-01392-3. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

  PMID: 30927057 RESULT

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITHOUT DNA

Plasma and Serum

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Interventions

Occlusal Splints

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Apnea; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Orthotic Devices; Orthopedic Equipment; Surgical Equipment; Equipment and Supplies

Study Officials

• Carlos F Mir, DSc

  University of Alberta

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Craig Steinback, PhD

  University of Alberta

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 29, 2022
• First Posted: May 24, 2022
• Study Start: July 11, 2021
• Primary Completion: September 9, 2024
• Study Completion: September 9, 2024
• Last Updated: September 19, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-09

Locations

CA (1)