Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Children With Facial Expression Analysis

NCT05345275 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 517517517
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 83
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of computer-aided facial expression analysis to assess postoperative pain in children. The study population consisted of patients in the age group of 7-18 years who underwent surgery at Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Health Application and Research Hospital Pediatric Surgery Clinic between November 2019 and June 2021. The sample of the study consisted of total 83 children who agreed to participate in the study and who met the sample selection criteria. Data were collected by the researcher using the Wong Baker Faces (WBS) pain rating scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were collected from the child, mother, nurse, and one external observer. Facial action units associated with pain were used for machine estimation. OpenFace was used to analyze the child's facial action units and Python was used for machine learning algorithms. Intraclass correlation coefficient, Kappa coefficient, and linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data. The pain score predicted by the machine and the pain score assessments of the child, mother, nurse, and observer were compared.

Conditions

Pain, Postoperative

Keywords

children; facial expression analysis; machine learning; pain assessment

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• the first observation on pain assessment of children by human

  WBS scales were used for pain assessment of children, mothers, nurses, and observers.

  after surgery in the first 12 hours

• the first observation on pain assessment of children by human

  VAS scales were used for pain assessment of children, mothers, nurses, and observers.

  after surgery in the first 12 hours

• the second observation on pain assessment of children by human

  VAS scales were used for pain assessment of children, mothers, nurses, and observers.

  after surgery 24.-36. range hours

• the second observation on pain assessment of children by human

  WBS scales were used for pain assessment of children, mothers, nurses, and observers.

  after surgery 24.-36. range hours

• child's facial expressions

  Facial action units associated with pain were used from the camera recordings of the child's facial expressions.

  up to the first 36 hours.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• pain assessment of children by machine

  up to the first 36 hours.

Study Arms (1)

pain assessments

In the study, primarily the pain assessment data of children were collected. In these pain assessments, assessments of the child, mother, nurse and an independent observer were taken. Simultaneously, a video recording of the child's facial expressions was made.

Other: The facial expressions analyzed

Interventions

The facial expressions analyzed OTHER

The facial expressions associated with pain were analyzed by the researchers in the OpenFace program. The patient's pain scores were estimated in the Python program by combining the numerical outputs of facial expression analyses with machine learning algorithms.

pain assessments

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 7 Years - 18 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study sample consisted of 7-18 age group patients who underwent surgery in the pediatric surgery clinic of a university hospital.

You may qualify if:

• The patient is awake and oriented after the surgery,
• The patient must be within the first 12 hours after the operation and not be discharged before the first 36 hours after the operation,
• The patient is between the ages of 7-18,
• It is the mother's staying with the patient as a companion.

You may not qualify if:

• Presence of any facial anomalies that may alter facial expression analysis,
• The patient has neurological and mental disorders,
• Having regular opiate use in the last 6 months,
• These are surgical procedures that require the patient to be in a prone position.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Uludag University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bursa Uludağ University

Bursa, 16059, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain, Postoperative

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Postoperative Complications; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: OTHER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator, PhD, RN

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2022
• First Posted: April 25, 2022
• Study Start: November 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2021
• Study Completion: June 30, 2021
• Last Updated: April 25, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-04

Locations

TU (1)