NCT05319990

Brief Summary

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in up to 40% of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), often leading to kidney failure and markedly magnifying risks of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Landmark T1D kidney biopsy studies identified the classic pathological lesions of DKD, which have been attributed largely to hyperglycemia. Recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery have facilitated improved glycemic control, but the residual risk of DKD continues to be high. In addition, obesity and insulin resistance (IR) have accompanied intensive glycemic therapy and may promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Deciphering the molecular underpinnings of DKD in modern-day T1D and identifying modifiable risk factors could lead to more effective and targeted therapies to prevent DKD.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
100

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for all trials

Timeline
20mo left

Started Mar 2022

Longer than P75 for all trials

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress72%
Mar 2022Dec 2027

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 9, 2022

Completed
23 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 1, 2022

Completed
10 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 11, 2022

Completed
5.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 30, 2027

Expected
6 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 31, 2027

Last Updated

April 10, 2024

Status Verified

April 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

5.3 years

First QC Date

April 1, 2022

Last Update Submit

April 9, 2024

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Renal Oxygenation

    Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI

    30 min

  • Renal Perfusion

    Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI

    30 min

  • Insulin Sensitivity

    Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp

    4.5 hours

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

    3 hours

  • Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF)

    2.5 hours

Study Arms (2)

PANDA, T1D

New participants with T1D will be enrolled at the University of Colorado and University of Washington.

PANDA Sub Study, Former CROCODILE Participants

Participants will be enrolled from the existing CROCODILE study (COMIRB # 19-1282), adding longitudinal follow-up to completed kidney biopsies and baseline data and biosample acquisition.

Drug: Aminohippurate Sodium Inj 20% Diagnostic aid/agent used to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)Drug: Iohexol Inj 300 MG/ML Diagnostic aid/agent used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Interventions

PAH (Basic Pharma, Geleen, Netherlands) has been used to measure ERPF in human research for 7 decades, and is very well tolerated and generally recognized as safe with low toxicity.

Also known as: Sodium 4-amino hippurate (PAH) inj 20% 2g/10mL, Para-aminohippurate
PANDA Sub Study, Former CROCODILE Participants

Iohexol (Omnipaque 300, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) is a nonionic, low osmolar contrast agent with a history of extensive use in Radiology practice (for contrast x-rays) that shares many qualities of an ideal GFR marker, like inulin, such as not being absorbed, metabolized, or secreted by the kidney.

Also known as: omnipaque 300
PANDA Sub Study, Former CROCODILE Participants

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
Sampling MethodProbability Sample
Study Population

The investigators propose to address the specific aims of this study in a cross-sectional project with 70 newly enrolled adults with T1D and 30 former CROCODILE participants (COMIRB #19-1282).

You may qualify if:

  • Age ≥ 18 years at enrollment (rationale: this study focuses on determinants of early DKD over the course of T1D in adults)
  • T1D duration \>5 years (rationale: DKD in T1D rarely manifests prior to 5 years of disease duration)
  • HbA1c \<11% (rationale: HbA1c ≥ 11% exceeds the average HbA1c at most academic center and would limiting the generalizability of our study findings)

You may not qualify if:

  • T2D and monogenic diabetes (rationale: our study focuses on T1D)
  • Recent diabetic ketoacidosis, i.e., \<1 month (rationale: safety and insulin resistance and tubular dysfunction of DKA can confound study findings)
  • eGFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2 or dialysis treatment (rationale: to reduce the likelihood of identifying secondary pathways that are not specific to kidney injury from T1D)
  • Kidney transplant recipients (rationale: molecular confounding from immunosuppression)
  • Kidney biopsy contraindications (rationale: safety - kidney biopsy):
  • Evidence of bleeding disorder or complications from bleeding
  • Use of aspirin, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or other blood thinner that cannot be safely stopped for a sufficient time before and after the biopsy to avoid additional risk of bleeding.
  • INR \> 1.4
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) \< 10 mg/dL (Colorado) \[altitude\]
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) \< 9 mg/dL (Washington)
  • Platelet count \< 100,000 / µL
  • Uncontrolled or difficult to control hypertension (\> 150/90 mmHg at the day of biopsy)
  • Single kidney (either by history, documented by prior imaging or ultrasound performed prior to the biopsy)
  • Kidney size: One or both kidneys \< 8 cm
  • Hydronephrosis or other important renal ultrasound findings such as significant stone disease
  • +3 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

RECRUITING

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITH DNA

During the study, the investigators will collect blood, urine, and tissue samples for assessment of kidney function and kidney injury markers.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic NephropathiesDiabetes Complications

Interventions

p-Aminohippuric AcidIohexol

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesAutoimmune DiseasesImmune System DiseasesKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesMale Urogenital Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Aminohippuric AcidsHippuratesBenzamidesAmidesOrganic Chemicalspara-AminobenzoatesAminobenzoatesBenzoatesAcids, CarbocyclicCarboxylic AcidsKeto AcidsBenzene DerivativesHydrocarbons, AromaticHydrocarbons, CyclicHydrocarbonsTriiodobenzoic AcidsIodobenzoates

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
observational
Observational Model
COHORT
Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 1, 2022

First Posted

April 11, 2022

Study Start

March 9, 2022

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2027

Last Updated

April 10, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-04

Locations