The Effects of Cartoon Watching and Bubble Blowing as Distraction Methods During Venipuncture on Pain, Anxiety, and Fear in Children Aged 6-8 Years

NCT05161416 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: MersinU*GUGUCU_001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 56
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Active and passive distraction methods are frequently used in the nursing management of procedural pain in children. There are no studies comparing the effects of cartoon watching (passive) and bubble blowing (active) as distraction methods on pain, anxiety, and fear associated with venipuncture in children. This study aimed to compare the effects of bubble blowing (active distraction) and cartoon watching (passive distraction) techniques on pain, anxiety, and fear during venipuncture in children aged 6-8 years.

Conditions

Pain; Anxiety; Fear; Child, Only

Keywords

Nursing; Pain Management; Distraction; Children

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Pain assesed by Wong-Baker FACES

  The Wong-Baker FACES (WB-FACES) Pain Rating Scale used. This scale uses in children aged 3 and older to rate pain severity. This numeric rating scale ranges from 0 to 10. Faces show emotions from smiling (0 = very happy/ no pain) to crying (10 = hurts worst).

  Procedure (during the venipuncture)

• Anxiety assesed by Children's State Anxiety Scale

  The Children's State Anxiety Scale assesses children's anxiety. This scale is drawn like a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and also includes horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top (0-10). This scale ranges from 0 to 10. Higher values represent higher anxiety.

  Procedure (during the venipuncture)

• Fear by Children's Fear Scale

  The Child Fear Scale was used.This one-item scale measures procedure-related fear in children, consists of five sex-neutral faces, ranges from 0 (no fear) to 4 (extreme fear). Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

  Procedure (during the venipuncture)

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Pain assesed by Wong-Baker FACES

  After procedure (at 3rd minutes after the venipuncture)

• Anxiety assesed by Children's State Anxiety Scale

  After procedure (at 3rd minutes after the venipuncture)

• Fear by Children's Fear Scale

  After procedure (at 3rd minutes after the venipuncture)

Study Arms (2)

Bubble Group

EXPERIMENTAL

The children started to blow bubbles 3 minutes before the procedure. The procedure and the bubble blowing intervention were terminated simultaneously.

Behavioral: Bubble Blowing

Cartoon Group

EXPERIMENTAL

The children started to watch the cartoon 3 minutes before the procedure. The children were supported by their parents in holding the tablet. The procedure and the cartoon watching intervention were terminated simultaneously.

Behavioral: Cartoon Watching

Interventions

Bubble Blowing BEHAVIORAL

Active Distraction Methods

Bubble Group

Cartoon Watching BEHAVIORAL

Passive Distraction Methods

Cartoon Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 6 Years - 8 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Child aged 6-8 years
• Child with need or plan for venipuncture (antecubital fossa)

You may not qualify if:

• Child with a neurodegenerative disease, mental retardation, vision and hearing problems, chronic, life-threatening (sepsis, shock, respiratory / cardiac arrest) or genetic disease
• Child with use of opioids, narcotics, analgesics or sedatives in the last 24 hours before the procedure

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mersin University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Mersin University Hospital

Mersin, Yenişehir, 33343, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Ugucu G, Akdeniz Uysal D, Guzel Polat O, Artuvan Z, Polat Kulcu D, Aksu D, Gulgun Altintas M, Cetin H, Orekici Temel G. Effects of cartoon watching and bubble-blowing during venipuncture on pain, fear, and anxiety in children aged 6-8 years: A randomized experimental study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2022 Jul-Aug;65:e107-e114. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.03.016. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

  PMID: 35410736 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain; Anxiety Disorders; Agnosia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Mental Disorders; Perceptual Disorders; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: The children and their parents were blinded to the groups. The principal researchers (R2, R3) were blinded to the research hypotheses. Data entry researchers (R4, R5, R6) were blinded (masked) to both research hypotheses and intervention groups. Data entries (R4, R5) were performed using the codes A and B, and shared with the researchers (R1, R7, R8) after statistical analyses were conducted and the research report was written.
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 5, 2021
• First Posted: December 17, 2021
• Study Start: October 15, 2019
• Primary Completion: March 2, 2020
• Study Completion: March 2, 2020
• Last Updated: September 19, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)