Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Intervention for Firefighters

NCT05111041 | Completed Results

• 2 other identifiers: Pro001094045R01CA242593-03
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The investigators are asking professional firefighters across North Carolina to take part in focus groups to discuss the specific needs of firefighters in smokeless tobacco cessation. About 40 firefighters will take part in the focus groups. The purpose of the focus groups is to learn how firefighting and shift work impact smokeless tobacco use and risk perceptions related to chew or dip. Using their feedback, the study team will then develop a cessation program specifically geared towards firefighters and first responders. The cessation program will be a mobile text / chat intervention specifically tailored to needs of firefighters and first responders who wish to stop using smokeless tobacco. About 50 firefighters and first responders will take part in this program, while being randomized into either the intervention group or the control group.

Conditions

Smokeless Tobacco Cessation

Keywords

Firefighters; Smokeless Tobacco; Quitting Smokeless Tobacco; First Responders

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (8)

• Number of First Responders Recruited Who Completed a Screening Assessment

  Within 3 months of the initiation of study recruitment

• First Responders Who Met the Study Eligibility Criteria, Were Enrolled, and Randomized to a Treatment Arm

  Within 3 months of the initiation of study recruitment

• Percent of Participants Engaged With the Program as Measured by Completion of the End of Program Questionnaire

  Study engagement defined as completing the End of Intervention Program assessment.

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

• Number of Participants Who Stated Intervention Was Useful as Measured by Questionnaire

  Usefulness was measured on a scale of 1-5, where 1=Not at all useful, 2=Somewhat useful, 3=Undecided, 4=Very useful, 5=Extremely useful. Ratings were dichotomized for the analysis as 0=no (not at all, somewhat, undecided) or 1=yes (very, extremely useful).

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

• Number of Participants Who Stated That #EnufSnuff.TXT Intervention Was Helpful as Measured by Questionnaire

  Helpfulness was measured on a scale of 1-5 where 1=not at all, 2=somewhat, 3=Undecided, 4=very, 5=extremely. Ratings were dichotomized for the analysis as 0=no (not at all, somewhat, undecided) and 1=yes (very, extremely).

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

• Number of Participants Who Stated Intervention Made Them Consider Quitting as Measured by Questionnaire

  Considered quitting was measured on a scale of 1-5, where 1=Not at all useful, 2=Somewhat useful, 3=Undecided, 4=Very useful, 5=Extremely useful. Ratings were dichotomized for the analysis as 0=no (not at all, somewhat, undecided) or 1=yes (very, extremely useful).

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

• Number of Participants Who Stated They Would Recommend Program to a Friend as Measured by Questionnaire

  Recommend to friend was measured on a scale of 1-5, where 1=Not at all useful, 2=Somewhat useful, 3=Undecided, 4=Very useful, 5=Extremely useful. Ratings were then dichotomized for the analysis as 0=no (not at all, somewhat, undecided) or 1=yes (very, extremely useful).

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

• Number of Participants Who Quit Smokeless Tobacco Measured by Self Report

  Quit was determined by the self-report response (yes or no) to the question, "In the past 7 days, have you used any dip?"

  30 days following the end of the 10-week intervention

Study Arms (2)

#EnufSnuff.TXT- First Responder

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will receive a mobile gradual smokeless tobacco reduction intervention

Behavioral: #EnufSnuff.TXT- First Responder

Enough Snuff Intervention

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants in this group will receive tobacco cessation materials

Behavioral: Enough Snuff Intervention

Interventions

#EnufSnuff.TXT- First Responder BEHAVIORAL

Participants in this intervention will be given the choice of following the Gradual Reduction to Quit program or to choose their own quit date within 2-4 weeks. The Gradual Reduction to Quit program will reduce smokeless tobacco use via text message support and weekly prompts guiding the participants to gradually decrease their use of smokeless tobacco until they are down to zero. A four week Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) sample in the form of lozenges will also be provided to all participants. The intent of this program is to reduce the number of times participants use smokeless tobacco.

#EnufSnuff.TXT- First Responder

Enough Snuff Intervention BEHAVIORAL

Participants will be sent the Enuf Snuff cessation manual, support text messages, as well as a four week Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) sample in the form of lozenges.

Enough Snuff Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Professional firefighters or first responders
• years or older
• Have used smokeless tobacco for the past year and current (past 30 days) smokeless tobacco daily use
• Access to a smartphone

You may not qualify if:

• Not a professional firefighter or first responder
• Under 18 years of age
• Have not used smokeless tobacco for the past year and are not current (past 30 days) smokeless tobacco daily use
• No access to a smartphone

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Duke University: lead
• National Cancer Institute (NCI): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Duke University

Durham, North Carolina, 27705, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Noonan D, Fish LJ, Silva SG, Da Costa M, Simmons LA, Garcia Ortiz N, Swinkels C, Jung D, Severson HH, Pollak KI. #EnufSnuff.TXT-FirstResponder: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a text message intervention for smokeless tobacco cessation among First Responders. Front Public Health. 2026 Jan 19;13:1699800. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1699800. eCollection 2025.

  PMID: 41635441 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Health Behavior; Behavior

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Devon Noonan, Ph.D.
• Organization: Duke University

devon.noonan@duke.edu

919-684-3786

Study Officials

• Devon Noonan, PhD

  Duke University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 1, 2021
• First Posted: November 8, 2021
• Study Start: January 25, 2022
• Primary Completion: January 10, 2024
• Study Completion: January 10, 2024
• Last Updated: December 13, 2024
• Results First Posted: December 13, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-11

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)