The Dietary Guidelines 3 Diets Study

NCT04981847 | Completed Results DMC

• 1 other identifier: Pro00105836
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 63
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this project is to use a two-stepped study to examine both the adoption of the three dietary patterns as presented by the United States Dietary Guidelines (USDG) and testing of a refined, culturally tailored one-year intervention examining the three diet patterns. For this study, African American adult participants with overweight/obesity and ≥three type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk factors will be recruited to participate in this two-step study. This present study is for our Step 1: formative pilot work to culturally-tailor a dietary intervention of the three healthy eating patterns presented by the USDG for 12 weeks: 1) U.S.-Style, 2) Mediterranean, or 3) Vegetarian.

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Delta Dietary Quality

  Change in Healthy Eating Index (HEI) total score was calculated as 3-month follow-up score minus baseline score. HEI total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better diet quality and greater adherence to dietary guidelines. The change score could potentially range from -100 to +100. Positive change scores indicate improvement in diet quality, whereas negative change scores indicate worsening diet quality. HEI total scores were calculated from three averaged 24-hour dietary recalls collected at each time point using the National Cancer Institute's Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24).

  From baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

• Delta Body Weight

  Change in body weight from baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

  From baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

• Delta Hemoglobin A1c

  Change in HgbA1c from baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

  From baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Delta Systolic Blood Pressure

  From baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

• Delta Diastolic Blood Pressure

  From baseline to the end of the intervention at 3 months

Study Arms (3)

US Healthy Diet

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Healthy US dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern is based on the types and amounts of foods Americans typically consume. The main types of food in this eating pattern include a variety of vegetables; fruits; whole grains; fat-free or low-fat dairy; seafood, poultry, meat, and eggs; and nuts, seeds, and soy products.

Behavioral: Dietary Intervention Meetings

Mediterranean diet

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Mediterranean dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern contains more fruits and seafood and less dairy than the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern. There is also less calcium and vitamin D because it includes fewer dairy foods.

Behavioral: Dietary Intervention Meetings

Vegetarian diet

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Vegetarian dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern contains no meat, poultry, or seafood. Compared with the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, it contains more soy products, eggs, beans and peas, nuts and seeds, and whole grains.

Behavioral: Dietary Intervention Meetings

Interventions

Dietary Intervention Meetings BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend classes once per week for 3 months.

Mediterranean diet; US Healthy Diet; Vegetarian diet

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• years of age
• BMI between 25- 49.9 kg/m2
• self-identify as African American
• live in the Columbia, SC area
• be able to attend all monitoring visits
• be willing to be randomized to either condition and be re-randomized if non-responsive
• be free of major health or psychiatric diseases, drug or alcohol dependency, thyroid conditions, diabetes, or pregnancy

You may not qualify if:

• should not be pregnant (or have been pregnant in the last 6 months), anticipating on becoming pregnant in the next 24 months, or currently breastfeeding
• o Women who are pregnant should not be pursuing weight loss and should be under the direct care of a physician. Therefore women who are pregnant or who are anticipating they might be pregnant should not participate in this study. If a woman becomes pregnant during the study, she will be advised to consult with her healthcare provider and will be dropped from the weight loss study.
• should be free of an eating disorder as screened by the Eating disorder Screen for Primary care \[ESP\]. (If a participant has an eating disorder, they will be given contact information for the eating disorder clinic at the University of South Carolina)
• no current participation in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications (although participants may be trying to lose weight on their own)
• no recent or planned bariatric surgery
• no recent weight loss (\>10 lbs in the last 6 months)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of South Carolina: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, United States

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Turner-McGrievy G, Wirth MD, Okpara N, Jones M, Kim Y, Wilcox S, Friedman DB, Sarzynski MA, Liese AD. Similar changes in diet quality indices, but not nutrients, among African American participants randomized to follow one of the three dietary patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines: A secondary analysis. Nutr Res. 2024 Nov;131:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Sep 7.

  PMID: 39366028 DERIVED

• Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilson MJ, Carswell J, Okpara N, Aydin H, Bailey S, Davey M, Hutto B, Wilcox S, Friedman DB, Sarzynski MA, Liese AD. A 12-Week Randomized Intervention Comparing the Healthy US, Mediterranean, and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines for Changes in Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Quality among African American Adults. J Nutr. 2023 Feb;153(2):579-587. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.020. Epub 2022 Dec 23.

  PMID: 36894249 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Brie Turner-McGrievy
• Organization: University of South Carolina

brie@sc.edu

803-777-3932

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Assessors will be blinded to participant group.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 27, 2021
• First Posted: July 29, 2021
• Study Start: August 1, 2021
• Primary Completion: June 23, 2025
• Study Completion: June 23, 2025
• Last Updated: June 15, 2026
• Results First Posted: June 15, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Locations

US (1)