Effect of Ski Sport on Physical Performance

NCT04913844 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2018/598
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 68
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of ski sport on physical performance, pain, and quality of life compared to sedentary individuals of similar age groups and to examine the existence of gender-specific differences.

Conditions

Physical Performance; Pain; Quality of Life

Keywords

Skiing; Gender difference; Muscle strength; Physical performance; Pain; Quality of life

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (8)

• International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)

  The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the short form of which consists of 7 questions, is a self-reported scale that is widely used to measure physical activity level.Based on the guidelines, the IPAQ score is calculated as metabolic equivalents (METs) per minutes per week, and the IPAQ score below 3000 METs-min / week indicates a low-moderate physical activity level. Total IPAQ score \<3000 METs min / week was used to determine the sedentary control group as the inclusion criteria.

  5 minutes

• The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Step Test

  The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) step test is a test that can be used in athletes and non-athletes and correlates heart rate with cardiovascular fitness level. For this test, participants are asked to climb up and down a 12-inch step for 3 minutes (metronome set at 96 beats per minute). The heart rate measurement, which is continued for 1 minute immediately after the end of the test, is recorded as beats / min. The low heart rate measured in the step tests indicates a high level of cardiovascular fitness.

  10 minutes

• Vertical Jump Test (VJT)

  The Vertical Jump Test (VJT) is an effective test used to indirectly evaluate the anaerobic performance of participants. In this test, the difference in centimeters is recorded between the maximum height attainable with the arm of the participant whose dominant side stands at the edge of the wall and the maximum height attained by jumping. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in cm

  10 minutes

• Flamingo Balance Test (FBT)

  The Flamingo Balance Test (FBT) is used to measure coordination of full body equilibrium. In the FBT, the number of errors that the participants made within 60 seconds on the flamingo balance board is recorded.

  5 minutes

• Hand-Grip Strength (HGS)

  Hand-grip strength (HGS) measurement is made with a hydraulic hand-grip dynamometer. HGS measurement is performed for the dominant hand when the elbow is close to the body, 90 degrees of flexion, and the wrist is in a neutral position. The measurement is repeated 3 times and the maximum value is recorded in kg. The dominant hand is determined by asking the participants with which hand they write.

  5 minutes

• Back-Leg-Chest Strength (BLCS)

  The BLC dynamometer is used to measure back-leg-chest strength (BLCS) in a single measurement. BLCS measurements are used as a suitable measure to characterize overall body strength. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in kg.

  10 minutes

• Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

  VAS is a widely used and reliable scale for evaluating pain intensity. With VAS, the severity of pain experienced in various situations such as 1) rest, 2) activity, and 3) most severe pain experienced (MSPE) can be evaluated. In addition to this study, VAS-skiing was added only to the skiers group. Participants are asked to mark the level of pain they feel on a 10 cm straight line marked as "no pain (0)" at one end and "unbearable pain (10)" at the other end. The distance between the marked point and the starting point is measured and recorded in cm.

  5 minutes

• Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Questionnaire

  Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a valid and reliable self reported scale. SF-36 is generally used to evaluate health-related quality of life of individuals aged 14 and over. SF-36 has eight sub-dimensions such as physical functioning, role limitation by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation by emotional problems, and mental health. Separate scores are calculated for each sub-dimension. The scores of the sub-dimensions range from 0 to 100. High scores on the scale indicate an increase in quality of life, and a low score indicates a decrease in quality of life.

  15 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ)

  10 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Skiers group

The skiers group was formed from licensed ski athletes (17 male, 17 female) who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years. There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted.

Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessments

Control group

The control group was composed of non-athletic and age-matched participants (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience. There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted as in the Skiers Group.

Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessments

Interventions

Physical performance tests and observational assessments OTHER

There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted.

Control group; Skiers group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The sample of the study consists of a total of 68 participants between the ages of 18-25. Licensed ski athletes in Turkey (17 male, 17 female), who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years, were included in the skiers group, and an age-matched non-athletic person (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience was included in the control group. The evaluations of the Skiers group were made at Erciyes Ski Center, and those of the control group were made at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Nuh Naci Yazgan University.

You may qualify if:

• Skiers Group;
• Being an active athlete for at least the last 2 year and affiliated with the National Ski Federation
• International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) total score above 3000 METs min/week
• Control Group;
• Being healthy and non-athletic with no ski experience
• Having similar sociodemographic characteristics with Skiers Group
• IPAQ-SF total score below 3000 METs min/week

You may not qualify if:

• History of surgery and/or serious trauma to the spine, lower and upper extremity,
• Chronic illnesses
• Substance addiction such as cigarette-alcohol, etc.
• During the study; the need of receiving treatment/ interventions due to trauma or any other conditions is concluded with withdrawal from the study

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University

Afyonkarahisar, 03000, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Arzu Keskin Aktan

  Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Nilüfer Keskin Dilbay

  Marmara University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Özden Kutlay

  Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CONTROL
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 27, 2021
• First Posted: June 4, 2021
• Study Start: January 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2019
• Study Completion: September 13, 2021
• Last Updated: September 16, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)