NCT04759976

Brief Summary

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate novel robotic training strategies that modulate errors based on the subjects' individual motor and cognitive needs. For this purpose, healthy adults and neurologic patients will participate in robotic motor learning experiments. Patients have a diagnosis of a neurological disease (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome) limiting arm motor function.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
259

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable stroke

Timeline
Completed

Started Jan 2019

Longer than P75 for not_applicable stroke

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 25, 2019

Completed
2 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 1, 2021

Completed
17 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 18, 2021

Completed
3.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 15, 2024

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

October 16, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

September 4, 2025

Status Verified

September 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

5.2 years

First QC Date

February 1, 2021

Last Update Submit

September 3, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

NeurorehabilitationRobotic RehabilitationMotor Learning

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Change in kinematic performance assessed by the robot

    Motion changes from baseline in the kinematic variables assessed by the robot and motion trackers during the motor learning task. The kinematic performance analysis consists of end-effector position in the x, y, and z-axis, in meters, and joint angles in degrees.

    Baseline, training (immediately after baseline), retention (1-2 days after the training)

  • Change in kinetic performance assessed by the robot

    Force changes from baseline in the kinetic variables assessed by the robot using force sensors during the motor learning task. Kinetic performance analysis consists of interaction forces in x, y, and z-axis, in N and applied robot joint torques by the motors, in Nm.

    Baseline, training (immediately after baseline), retention (1-2 days after the training)

  • Spatial analysis of changes in evoked potentials as assessed by Electroencephalography (EEG) measurement

    Electroencephalographical assessment of changes in evoked potentials i.e. the electrical activity of the brain in response to stimulation of specific sensory nerve pathways.

    Baseline, training (immediately after baseline), retention (1-2 days after the training)

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Change in embodiment

    Before Intervention, Immediately after the end of intervention

  • Spatial analysis of changes in Task-Based Brain Connectivity as assessed by Electroencephalography (EEG) measurement

    Baseline, training (immediately after baseline or 1-2 days after baseline), retention (1-2 days after the training)

  • Change in Motivation as assessed by Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)

    Before Intervention, Immediately after the end of intervention, at the end of the session

  • Change in Cognitive Load as assessed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Raw) Task Load Index

    Immediately after the end of intervention, At the end of the session

  • System Usability as assessed by System Usability Scale (SUS)

    Immediately after the end of intervention, At the end of the session

Study Arms (1)

Robotic motor training

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will perform motor tasks (i.e. movements) with upper limb robotic devices applying different strategies (e.g. supporting or challenging the subject, or being fully compliant).

Behavioral: Robotic motor training

Interventions

The experiments consist in performing motor tasks with upper-limb robotic devices.

Robotic motor training

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Aged ≥18 years
  • Informed Consent as documented by signature ("Informed Consent" form)
  • Bodyweight \<120 kg
  • Ability to communicate effectively with the examiner so that the validity of the patient's data could not be compromised

You may not qualify if:

  • Excessive spasticity of the affected arm (Ashworth Scale ≥3)
  • Serious medical or psychiatric disorder
  • Orthopaedic, rheumatological, or other disease restricting movements of the paretic arm
  • Shoulder subluxation
  • Skin ulcerations at the paretic arm
  • Cyber-sickness (i.e., nausea when looking at a screen or playing computer games)
  • Serious cognitive defects or aphasia preventing effective use of the robotic devices
  • Severe visual and auditory impairments

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Bern

Bern, 3010, Switzerland

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • Ozen O, Buetler KA, Marchal-Crespo L. Towards functional robotic training: motor learning of dynamic tasks is enhanced by haptic rendering but hampered by arm weight support. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2022 Feb 13;19(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12984-022-00993-w.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

StrokeNervous System Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cerebrovascular DisordersBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Study Officials

  • Laura Marchal-Crespo, Prof. Dr.

    University of Bern, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NA
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 1, 2021

First Posted

February 18, 2021

Study Start

January 25, 2019

Primary Completion

April 15, 2024

Study Completion

October 16, 2024

Last Updated

September 4, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

All individual participant data that underlie results in a publication

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
Data will be available after publications and it will stay accessible as long as the journal regulation permits.
Access Criteria
Being able to access the journal paper

Locations