NCT04602416

Brief Summary

In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (DSM) a pre-test post-test intervention pilot study with four arms was conducted. Each arm had 12-15 participants who were young men at risk for violence who were members of one 'camp'. Each participant was interviewed at baseline before the 4 camps were randomized. The interventions were training sessions in: Health (Control), Entrepreneurship, Beekeeping, and All Intervention sessions. Subsequent interviews took place 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after all the interventions took place. This was a pilot study in preparation for a full intervention trial. The hypotheses for the intervention trial were expected to be that income would increase and violence would decrease in the intervention arms as compared to the Control arm.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
57

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for all trials

Timeline
Completed

Started Apr 2015

Typical duration for all trials

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 24, 2015

Completed
2.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 30, 2017

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 30, 2017

Completed
3.2 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 20, 2020

Completed
6 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 26, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

November 17, 2020

Status Verified

November 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

2.3 years

First QC Date

October 20, 2020

Last Update Submit

November 15, 2020

Conditions

Violence, Physical

Keywords

prevention

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Weekly income

    Self-reported income of the previous week

    one week

  • Violence Experience

    Self-reported experiences with violence

    Ever, or since the previous interview

Study Arms (4)

Control (Health)

The control had two sessions: the Introduction and another on Health. The health sessions were based on topics used by United States Peace Corps medical officers training volunteers about how to stay healthy in Tanzania: nutrition, worms, HIV/AIDS, and first aid.

Behavioral: Training sessions

Entrepreneurship

The sessions for this arm were six: the two sessions of the Control arm, plus Sources of Capital, Marketing, Saving and Investing Profit, and Writing a Business Plan. Each session lasted one day.

Behavioral: Training sessions

Beekeeping

The Beekeeping arm had six sessions: the two sessions of the Control arm, plus Beginning Beekeeping, Environment-Forests-Bees, Building a Beehive, and Harvesting.

Behavioral: Training sessions

All Interventions

This arm was 10 sessions, and included all sessions of the Control, Entrepreneurship, and Beekeeping

Behavioral: Training sessions

Interventions

Training sessionsBEHAVIORAL
All InterventionsBeekeepingControl (Health)Entrepreneurship

Eligibility Criteria

Age15 Years - 35 Years
Sexmale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility Detailsmale
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)
Sampling MethodNon-Probability Sample
Study Population

The study population was under or unemployed (less than minimum wage), poorly educated young men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

You may qualify if:

  • poorly educated, under- or un-employed, Tanzanian

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

Dar es Salaam, 00000, Tanzania

Location

Related Publications (11)

  • Kibusi SM, Ohnishi M, Outwater A, Seino K, Kizuki M, Takano T. Sociocultural factors that reduce risks of homicide in Dar es Salaam: a case control study. Inj Prev. 2013 Oct;19(5):320-5. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040492. Epub 2013 Jan 15.

    PMID: 23322260BACKGROUND

  • Outwater AH, Campbell JC, Mgaya E. Implementation of WHO/CDC Guidelines for Intentional Injury Death Surveillance: A Mixed-Methods Approach in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Homicide Stud. 2011 Aug;15(3):253-267. doi: 10.1177/1088767911418951.

    PMID: 24130432BACKGROUND

  • Yamanis TJ, Maman S, Mbwambo JK, Earp JA, Kajula LJ. Social venues that protect against and promote HIV risk for young men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Soc Sci Med. 2010 Nov;71(9):1601-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.039. Epub 2010 Sep 16.

    PMID: 20846768BACKGROUND

  • Banks N. Youth poverty, employment and livelihoods: Social and economic implications of living with insecurity in Arusha, Tanzania. Environment and Urbanization. 2016; 28(2), 437-454.

    BACKGROUND

  • Dempsey D, Jennings J. Gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: learning perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 2014; 6 (1), 28-49

    BACKGROUND

  • NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). Basic Demographic and Socio-economic Profile of Dar es Salaam Region. 2016. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Ministry of Finance.

    BACKGROUND

  • Outwater A H, Mgaya E, Msemo S, Helgesson L, Abraham AG. Youth unemployment, community violence, creating opportunities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a qualitative study. Tanzania Journal of Health Research 2016; 17(1).

    BACKGROUND

  • United Republic of Tanzania Planning Commission. The Tanzania Development Vision 2025. 1995. Accessed 12 August 2018 at www.mof.go.tz/mofdocs/overarch/Vision2025.pdf

    BACKGROUND

  • World Bank Group. From Regulators to Enablers: the Role of City Governments in Economic Development of Greater Kampala. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. 2017. Accessed at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28459/119806-REVISED-PUBLIC-ADD-AUTHORS-P158599-GreaterKampalaFinalOutput.pdf

    BACKGROUND

  • Jansen L, Outwater AH, Lowery Wilson M, Iseselo MK, Barnighausen T. A controlled pilot intervention on community violence prevention, financial and social capital generation in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 17;22(1):335. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12723-x.

    PMID: 35172786DERIVED

  • Outwater AH, Abraham AG, Iseselo MK, Sekei LH, Kazaura MR, Killewo J. Entrepreneurship, beekeeping, and health training to decrease community violence in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a pilot study for an intervention trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2021 Oct 4;7(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s40814-021-00920-1.

    PMID: 34607608DERIVED

Study Officials

  • Anne H Outwater

    Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
observational
Observational Model
COHORT
Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Senior Lecturer

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 20, 2020

First Posted

October 26, 2020

Study Start

April 24, 2015

Primary Completion

July 30, 2017

Study Completion

July 30, 2017

Last Updated

November 17, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-11

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

All of the individual participant data collected during the trial, after de-identification will be available including the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, informed consent to anyone who wishes to access the data, for any purpose, indefinitely.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
Time Frame
The data are available now and indefinitely.
Access Criteria
To anybody with a request.

Locations

TA(1)