NCT04591288

Brief Summary

The goal of this proposal is to mitigate the typical decline in walking function experienced by children with cerebral palsy (CP) via a Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)-assisted treadmill training intervention. In this study, the investigators intend to use thier CP FES Gait Training System to assess the neurotherapeutic effects of an FES-assisted treadmill training intervention on walking performance in children with CP. The research design consists of a randomized, controlled, two-treatment study in which the control subjects will cross-over into one of the two treatment groups. An FES-assisted training group will undergo twelve weeks of FES-assisted treadmill training using a distributive practice protocol consisting of alternating bouts of walking with and without FES assistance, followed by over ground walking reinforcement. A treadmill-only training group will undergo the same training regimen without FES-assistance. Finally, a non-intervention group will serve as a control. The investigators will analyze treatment efficacy via functional and biomechanical and measures collected pre-training, post-training and after a twelve-week follow-up period.

Trial Health

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Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
2

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2019

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
terminated

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

August 20, 2019

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 24, 2019

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 31, 2019

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 31, 2019

Completed
10 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 19, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

October 19, 2020

Status Verified

October 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

August 20, 2019

Last Update Submit

October 15, 2020

Conditions

Keywords

Cerebral PalsyFunctional electrical stimulationNeurotherapeutic

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (12)

  • Muscle Tone

    We use the Modified Ashworth Scale to measure resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degree of velocity (Muscle tone/spasticity). Score ranges from 0-4, with 6 choices where score of 0 means no increase in tone and score of 4 means rigid limb with no flexion or extension. Our training approach using repetitive electrical stimulation may also lower spasticity, which can also facilitate improved functional mobility.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Walking Speed

    Walking speed is an indicator of functional mobility. By our training methods, we hypothesize making improvements in motor learning and gait biomechanics. Improved walking speed would indicate that such improvements have occurred.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Walking Distance

    Walking distance (in a fixed period of time) is an indicator of endurance. Improved motor learning and gait biomechanics from our training methods would improve gait efficiency and thus, endurance.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Energy Expenditure

    Energy expenditure is a measure of cardiovascular fitness and walking efficiency. By means of exercise at 60-80% max heart rates, it is expected that cardiovascular fitness would improve. Energy expenditure measurements allow for measurement of cardiovascular fitness.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Gross Motor Function Measure

    Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is a measure of motor function that indicates disablement. Improved motor control and gait biomechanics from training should be reflected in overall gross motor function, which is assessed via the GMFM.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Balance Evaluation Systems Test

    Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) is a measure of balance function. The BESTest will allow for assessing the impact of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait biomechanics from training on balance.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Timed Up-And-Go

    Timed Up-And-Go (TUG) is a measure of functional mobility and will allow for assessing the impact of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait biomechanics.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Instrumented Gait Analysis

    Joint Kinematics

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Electromyography

    Muscle activation timing measured with electromyography during gait analysis allows for mechanistic study of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait as well as comparison to typical norms.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Activities-Specific Balance Scale

    The Activities-Specific Balance Scale (ABC Scale) survey allows measurement of perceived functional mobility by assessing balance confidence to perform daily activities of living without falling. 16 items are rated on a rating scale with range of 0-100. Score of 0 means no confidence and 100 means complete confidence. Average score of 16 items is the overall score. Such measures will assess the impact of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait bio-mechanics from training.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Participation in Life Events

    Participation in life events (LIFE-H) survey measures how much a person is engaging or participating with their peers and community. Weighted score ranges between 0-10 with 0 score being no accomplishment and 10 means complete accomplishment. Such measures will assess the impact of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait biomechanics from training.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

  • Self-Perception

    Self-Perception (Piers-Harris-2) survey measures physical and emotional well-being and self-esteem and will allow assessment of the impact of anticipated improvements in motor control and gait biomechanics from training.

    Three assessment points in time: a Pre Assessment before beginning training (Week 1), a Post Assessment following training (Week 14), and a Follow-Up Assessment twelve weeks after completion of training (Week 27).

Study Arms (3)

FES + Treadmill

EXPERIMENTAL

Functional Electrical stimulation walking group.

Other: Functional Electrical Stimulation protocol

Treadmill only

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Treadmill walking group (no electrical stimulation).

Other: Treadmill only protocol

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Control group. After control period of 12 weeks, they are randomized into FES + Treadmill or Treadmill group.

Interventions

FES-assisted treadmill walking followed by a 12-week follow-up period. Subjects will train three times a week walking at a target speed corresponding to 60-80% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Each training session will consist of five six-minute walking bouts, with five-minute rest periods between bouts. Each treadmill bout consists of alternating one- minute intervals of FES on and FES off. For the last walking bout, the first three minutes will be FES-assisted on the treadmill and the last three minutes will be overground walking without FES assistance to promote carryover effects. Total walking time is 30 minutes and the entire training session lasts approximately 50 minutes.

FES + Treadmill

We will implement a 12-wk Treadmill training protocol consisting of treadmill walking followed by a 12-week follow-up period. Subjects will train three times a week walking at a target speed corresponding to 60-80% of their age. Each training session will consist of five six-minute walking bouts, with five-minute rest periods between bouts. Total walking time is 30 minutes and the entire training session lasts approximately 50 minutes.

Treadmill only

Eligibility Criteria

Age10 Years - 18 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Age 10-18
  • Diagnosis of spastic diplegic CP
  • Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale (GMFCS) level I-III
  • Hip migration \< 40%
  • Displays crouch, equinus, or jump type gait
  • At least 0° passive dorsiflexion range of motion (can come to a neutral position)
  • Sufficient visuoperceptual, cognitive and communication skills
  • Seizure-free or well-controlled seizures
  • No other neurological or musculoskeletal disorders (e.g. dystonia, severe scoliosis, hip instability)
  • Ability to travel to University of Delaware or Shriners Hospital for children multiple times per week for training and assessment
  • Ability to communicate pain or discomfort
  • Ability to consent (if 18 years old) or obtain parent/guardian consent (if under 18)

You may not qualify if:

  • Diagnosis of athetoid or ataxic CP
  • Scoliosis with primary curve \> 49%
  • Spinal fusions extending into pelvis
  • Lower Extremity (LE) joint instability or dislocation
  • Severe tactile hypersensitivity
  • LE botulinum (Botox) injections in the past 6 mo.
  • Implanted medical device contraindicative of FES
  • Pregnancy
  • Severe LE spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale score of 4 or greater)
  • History of pulmonary disease limiting exercise tolerance (Asthma Control screen)
  • History of cardiac disease (AHA screen)
  • Excessive LE joint pain during walking
  • Severely limited joint range of motion / irreversible muscle contractures, i.e.\> 10°knee flexion, \>15° hip flexion contractures, or \>5° plantarflexion contractures
  • LE surgery or significant injury within 1 yr.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

University of Delaware

Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States

Location

Shriner's Hospital for Children

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States

Location

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Cerebral PalsyCerebral palsy, spastic, diplegic

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Brain Damage, ChronicBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System Diseases

Study Officials

  • Samuel CK Lee, Ph.D.

    University of Delaware

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
All the clinical assessments will be performed by masked Physical Therapist.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Model Details: It is a randomized controlled two-treatment group clinical trial. We randomly assign subjects to either an FES-Treadmill group, a Treadmill-Only group, or a Control group. The FES-Treadmill group will undergo an FES-assisted treadmill training protocol. The Treadmill-Only group will undergo the same protocol without FES assistance. The control group will not receive treatment. Additionally, following their "no-treatment" period, we will randomize control group subjects into one of the two treatment groups. This design allows us greater power to identify treatment group differences while accommodating parents who might ordinarily not want their child to participate in a non-treatment group. Initially, each group will consist of 14 subjects. Following crossover, the FES-Treadmill and Treadmill-Only groups will consist of 21 subjects while the control group remains 14 subjects.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

August 20, 2019

First Posted

October 19, 2020

Study Start

October 24, 2019

Primary Completion

December 31, 2019

Study Completion

December 31, 2019

Last Updated

October 19, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

The proposed experiments will generate data for publications in high quality peer reviewed journals. We will also present our findings at national meetings of neurorehabilitation scientists and clinicians and neuroscience and motor control meetings. To have the most impact, it is important that we present our findings to both clinicians and scientists, therefore, in addition to these standard approaches, we will seek out regular opportunities to present both the rationale and results of our work to local and regional clinicians as well as local and regional stroke support groups. Once the primary hypotheses of the current proposal are tested, all data will be de-identified and be deposited in the DASH (The Data and Specimen Hub) repository.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, CSR
Time Frame
Study protocol and data will be shared on publication of primary results

Locations